Cv risk
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Cardiovascular Risk: Insights from Recent Research
Global Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Tools
Laboratory-Based and Office-Based Risk Scores
Recent research has developed two cardiovascular risk scores to predict the 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults aged 40-74 years across 182 countries. These scores include a laboratory-based model and an office-based model. The laboratory-based model incorporates age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, and total cholesterol, while the office-based model replaces diabetes and total cholesterol with BMI. The study found that predicted risks were generally lower in high-income countries (HICs) compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with significant variations across different regions.
SCORE2 Risk Prediction Algorithms
The SCORE2 risk prediction model has been updated to estimate the 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD in European populations aged 40-69 years. This model includes factors such as age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. The model has been recalibrated for different European regions, showing a wide range of predicted CVD risks based on regional differences.
Cardiovascular Risk in Specific Populations
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Survivors
A systematic review and meta-analysis have highlighted that survivors of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) may have an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and atrial fibrillation. However, the risk of ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure was not significantly elevated. This suggests a need for careful cardiovascular monitoring in DTC survivors.
Cardiovascular Risk from Prenatal Life to Adulthood
The risk of developing CVD can begin as early as prenatal life and continue through childhood and adolescence. Factors such as early adiposity rebound and social and environmental influences contribute to this risk. Early intervention in high-risk pediatric populations is crucial to reduce the long-term risk of CVD.
Shared Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
Common Risk Factors
Emerging data suggest that many risk factors for CVD, such as age, sex, and smoking, are also significant predictors of cancer. A study found that traditional CVD risk factors and biomarkers like natriuretic peptides are associated with an increased risk of future cancer. Conversely, maintaining ideal cardiovascular health is linked to a lower risk of developing cancer .
Socioeconomic and Environmental Influences
Neighborhood Impact on Cardiovascular Risk
Neighborhood environments play a significant role in shaping cardiovascular risk. Factors such as access to healthy foods, safe places for physical activity, and social support can influence behavioral and biomedical risk factors for CVD. Efforts to improve neighborhood environments could be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular health disparities.
Perception and Communication of Cardiovascular Risk
Understanding and Communicating Risk
Accurate perception of cardiovascular risk by both patients and doctors is essential for effective prevention. Studies show that doctors often underestimate their patients' absolute cardiovascular risk, and patients tend to have an optimistic bias about their own risk. Improving health literacy and using visual aids can help in better communication and understanding of cardiovascular risk.
Conclusion
Recent research underscores the complexity of cardiovascular risk, influenced by a myriad of factors ranging from genetic predispositions and lifestyle choices to environmental and socioeconomic conditions. Effective risk prediction models and targeted interventions, especially in high-risk populations, are crucial for reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease. Understanding and addressing shared risk factors for CVD and cancer, as well as improving risk communication, are essential steps toward better cardiovascular health outcomes.
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