Death rate of type 2 diabetes
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Death Rate of Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Analysis
Global Mortality Rates of Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant global health concern, with varying mortality rates across different regions and populations. According to a comprehensive analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the annualized mortality rates for T2DM patients range from 0.28 to 8.24 per 100 patient-years, indicating a substantial variation based on patient demographics and health conditions.
In 2019, the global age-standardized death rate for T2DM was reported to be 18.5 per 100,000 population, reflecting a 10.8% increase since 1990. This increase underscores the growing burden of T2DM on global health systems.
Regional Variations in Mortality
Latin America and the Caribbean
In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the proportion of all-cause mortality attributable to T2DM has increased significantly over the past few decades. Between 1985 and 2014, the proportion of deaths due to T2DM rose from 12.2% to 16.9% in men and from 14.5% to 19.3% in women. In 2019, the highest death rates were observed in countries like Saint Kitts and Nevis, Guyana, and Haiti, with rates as high as 325 per 100,000 people in men.
Sweden
In Sweden, a study of patients registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register from 1998 to 2014 showed a significant decline in mortality rates among T2DM patients. The absolute change in death rates from any cause was -69.6 per 10,000 person-years, indicating a substantial improvement in survival rates over the study period. However, the reduction in fatal outcomes was less pronounced in T2DM patients compared to the general population.
Factors Influencing Mortality Rates
Age and Comorbidities
The risk of mortality in T2DM patients is influenced by several factors, including age, glycemic control, and the presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Younger patients with poor glycemic control and severe renal complications face higher excess risks of death compared to older patients with better-managed diabetes .
Modifiable Risk Factors
Modifiable risk factors such as high body mass index (BMI), smoking, and suboptimal blood pressure control also play a crucial role in determining mortality rates. High BMI, ambient particulate matter pollution, and smoking were identified as the top three risk factors contributing to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in T2DM patients globally. Effective management of these risk factors can significantly reduce the mortality burden associated with T2DM.
Conclusion
The mortality rate of type 2 diabetes varies widely across different regions and populations, influenced by factors such as age, comorbidities, and modifiable risk factors. While some regions have seen improvements in survival rates, the global burden of T2DM continues to rise. Addressing modifiable risk factors and improving glycemic control are essential strategies to reduce the mortality associated with T2DM. Greater investment in prevention and management, particularly in low and middle-income countries, is crucial to mitigate the growing impact of this chronic disease.
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