Deficiency symptoms of manganese
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Manganese Deficiency Symptoms: An Overview
Introduction to Manganese Deficiency
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for various biological functions, including bone formation, metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates, and the proper functioning of the nervous system. Despite its importance, manganese deficiency can occur, leading to a range of symptoms that affect both plants and animals, including humans.
Manganese Deficiency in Humans
Growth and Development Issues
Manganese deficiency in humans can lead to several growth and developmental issues. Symptoms include stunted growth, poor bone remodeling, and ataxia, which is a lack of muscle coordination. Additionally, impaired insulin production and alterations in lipoprotein metabolism have been observed in experimental studies.
Metabolic and Reproductive Effects
Deficiency in manganese can also result in changes in circulating HDL cholesterol and glucose levels, as well as reproductive failure. These symptoms are non-specific and can be challenging to diagnose without proper biomarkers.
Neurological Symptoms
While manganese toxicity is more commonly discussed, deficiency can also impact neurological health. Symptoms such as impaired oxidant defense systems and perturbations in growth factor metabolism have been noted. However, the neurological symptoms are less pronounced compared to those caused by manganese toxicity.
Manganese Deficiency in Plants
Photosynthesis and Growth
Manganese is crucial for the photosynthetic process in plants, particularly in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II (PSII). Deficiency in manganese can lead to reduced carbon dioxide assimilation, resulting in stunted growth and other symptoms such as necrotic leaf spots and reduced resistance to bacterial infections .
Visible Symptoms
In plants, manganese deficiency often manifests as yellowing of the tissues in the interveinal and marginal areas of the leaves. In severe cases, poor leaf development and tissue necrosis can occur. These symptoms are particularly evident in crops grown in soils with low manganese availability, such as reclaimed swamp soils or soils with high calcium carbonate content.
Manganese Deficiency in Fungi
Growth and Sporulation
Fungi also require manganese for optimal growth and sporulation. Deficiency in this element can lead to decreased growth and sporulation rates. Studies have shown that certain fungi fail to grow unless manganese is added to their growth medium.
Conclusion
Manganese is an essential nutrient for both plants and animals, including humans. Deficiency in manganese can lead to a range of symptoms, from stunted growth and poor bone remodeling in humans to impaired photosynthesis and growth in plants. Understanding and addressing manganese deficiency is crucial for maintaining optimal health and productivity in both agricultural and human health contexts.
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