Define selenium
Searched over 200M research papers for "define selenium"
Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest selenium is an essential micronutrient that supports antioxidant defense, immune function, reproductive health, and protection against various diseases, but excessive intake can be harmful.
Not a yes or no question
To use the Consensus Meter, try asking a simple yes or no question
Research summarized with Copilot
Beta20 papers analyzed
Understanding Selenium: Essential Trace Element and Its Health Implications
Selenium: Essential Micronutrient
Selenium is a vital trace mineral necessary for numerous biological functions in both humans and animals. It is incorporated into selenoproteins, which play critical roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune system function . Selenium exists in both organic forms, such as selenomethionine and selenocysteine, and inorganic forms, like selenite and selenate, with organic forms being more easily absorbed by the human body.
Biological Functions and Health Benefits
Antioxidant Defense and Thyroid Function
Selenium is a cofactor for several enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, which are crucial for protecting cells from oxidative damage . It also plays a significant role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism and energy production .
Immune System Support
Adequate selenium intake is necessary for the proper functioning of the immune system. Selenium and selenoproteins help modulate immune responses and protect against infections and inflammation . Selenium deficiency can lead to impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infections .
Reproductive Health
Selenium is important for reproductive health in both males and females. It is required for sperm motility and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. In livestock, selenium deficiency can lead to reproductive issues such as retained placenta, metritis, and reduced fertility .
Selenium Deficiency and Health Risks
Chronic Diseases
Low selenium levels have been associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive decline . Selenium's role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation is thought to contribute to its protective effects against these conditions.
Mental Health
Selenium deficiency has been linked to adverse mood states and cognitive decline. Adequate selenium levels are necessary for maintaining mental health and cognitive function .
Immune Dysfunction
A deficiency in selenium can lead to poor immune function, increasing the risk of infections and inflammatory diseases . Selenium's role in supporting the immune system is critical for overall health and disease prevention.
Selenium Toxicity and Supplementation
Risks of Excess Selenium
While selenium is essential in trace amounts, excessive intake can be harmful. High selenium levels have been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and other adverse health effects . The narrow range between beneficial and toxic levels of selenium makes it important to monitor and regulate selenium intake carefully.
Supplementation Guidelines
Selenium supplementation can be beneficial in populations with low selenium status, but indiscriminate use of supplements is not recommended due to the risk of toxicity . It is important to tailor selenium intake to individual needs and dietary sources, such as cereals, legumes, meat, eggs, poultry, and seafood, which are major contributors to dietary selenium intake.
Conclusion
Selenium is a crucial trace element with significant roles in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, immune function, and reproductive health. Both deficiency and excess of selenium can lead to serious health issues, highlighting the importance of maintaining an optimal selenium status through a balanced diet and, when necessary, carefully monitored supplementation. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interactions between selenium and various health outcomes, particularly in the context of chronic diseases and immune function.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
