Diabetes mellitus pronunciation
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Understanding Diabetes Mellitus: Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification
Definition and Pronunciation of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus Pronunciation: The term "Diabetes Mellitus" is pronounced as "dye-uh-BEE-teez MEL-ih-tus."
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This condition arises due to an absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion and/or action .
Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. This type is often identified by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells and can be detected through serological evidence and genetic markers.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent and results from a combination of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response. This type can often remain asymptomatic for a long period before being detected through abnormal carbohydrate metabolism tests.
Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Pathogenesis
The development of diabetes involves several pathogenic processes, ranging from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells to insulin resistance. These processes lead to deficient insulin action, which can result from inadequate insulin secretion or diminished tissue responses to insulin.
Symptoms
Symptoms of marked hyperglycemia include:
- Polyuria (frequent urination)
- Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
- Weight loss
- Polyphagia (excessive hunger)
- Blurred vision
Chronic hyperglycemia can also lead to long-term complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Diagnosis and Classification
Diagnostic Criteria
Diabetes is diagnosed based on glucose values. The degree of hyperglycemia reflects the severity of the underlying metabolic process. Diagnostic tests include measuring plasma glucose levels in the fasting state or after an oral glucose load .
Classification
Diabetes is classified into two broad categories:
- Type 1 Diabetes: Absolute insulin deficiency.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance combined with inadequate insulin secretion.
Conclusion
Diabetes Mellitus is a complex syndrome with significant health implications. Understanding its types, pathogenesis, symptoms, and diagnostic criteria is crucial for effective management and treatment. Early detection and appropriate intervention can mitigate the long-term complications associated with this condition.
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