Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, leading to long-term damage and dysfunction of various organs.

Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

Current diabetes treatments, including diet, exercise, and insulin, may not be effective enough to prevent and treat the disease.

Diabetes: Have We Got It All Wrong?

The global diabetes epidemic, primarily caused by type 2 diabetes and its associated conditions, requires an integrated, international approach to prevent and control its premature morbidity and mortality.

Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic

The incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes are increasing globally, making insulin access and affordability difficult, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries.

Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, leading to long-term damage and dysfunction of various organs.

Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus The information that follows is based largely on the reports of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes (Diabetes Care 20:1183–1197, 1997, and Diabetes Care 26:3160–3167, 2003).

Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic b-cells as a primary cause.

This classification reclassifies diabetes into distinct subclasses based on genetics, treatment, and associated conditions, improving understanding of the disease's scope and impact.

Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Categories of Glucose Intolerance

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, with long-term damage to various organs and increased risk of complications.

Type 2 diabetes is caused by resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretory response, and may present for long periods without symptoms before diagnosis.

Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, leading to long-term damage and dysfunction of various organs.

Diabetes mellitus is a set of autoimmune, metabolic, and genetic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, with various measurement methods and thresholds, and differences in approach between the USA and other regions.

What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a complex, heterogeneous disease with a high missing heritability, influenced by factors such as obesity and lack of exercise, and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Genetics of diabetes – Are we missing the genes or the disease?

Animal models are crucial for diabetes research, as they represent the diversity of human diabetic patients and can help develop new treatments.

The use of animal models in diabetes research

Exosomes play a role in diabetes development and complications by regulating gene expression in other tissues, offering potential for novel biomarkers and personalized therapies.

Exosomes and diabetes

Obesity increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes due to increased adipose tissue release of factors that contribute to insulin resistance and pancreatic islet -cell dysfunction.

Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Targeting inflammation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes may improve prevention and control of the disease, with future research focusing on combined suppression for various inflammatory response pathways.

The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

Insulin resistance in obesity is largely elicited downstream of early insulin signaling steps, connecting metabolic cross-talk between liver, adipose tissue, pancreas, and skeletal muscle.

Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with an increased risk of cancer, with common cancers including pancreatic, hepatocellular, breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancers.

Diabetes and Cancer

These studies suggest diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion or action, leading to long-term organ damage, with type 2 diabetes primarily caused by insulin resistance and deficiency, and current treatments often insufficient to prevent and manage the disease effectively.