Do black holes destroy matter
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Do Black Holes Destroy Matter?
Black Holes and Matter Interaction
Black holes are known for their intense gravitational pull, which can capture and consume matter, including stars, planets, and even light. The interaction between black holes and matter is a complex process influenced by various factors, including the size and type of the black hole, as well as the nature of the matter involved.
Dark Matter and Black Holes
Dark Matter Accumulation and Annihilation
Dark matter can accumulate around black holes, forming dense regions known as spikes or mini-spikes. These regions are particularly relevant around supermassive and intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs). While spikes in galactic centers are often destroyed by dynamical effects, mini-spikes may survive and are considered potential targets for dark matter searches . Additionally, dark matter can be captured by celestial objects like the Sun and Earth, potentially forming small black holes that could grow and consume these objects if the annihilation rate is low .
Primordial Black Holes and Dark Matter
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are another intriguing aspect of the black hole-dark matter relationship. PBHs could have formed in the early universe and might contribute to the dark matter content. These black holes can decay via Hawking radiation, producing stable end states that resemble dark matter . However, constraints from neutron star observations suggest that PBHs cannot account for all dark matter, as their capture and subsequent accretion would destroy the stars .
Black Holes and Neutron Stars
Destruction of Neutron Stars
Neutron stars can be destroyed by black holes that form at their centers. These black holes grow by accreting the neutron star material. The accretion process is influenced by the black hole's size and the quantum mechanical properties of the matter involved. Small black holes may evaporate quickly, while more massive ones can destroy neutron stars on timescales shorter than the observed ages of these stars . The rotation of neutron stars can also affect the accretion process, potentially stalling it, but viscosity in nuclear matter can mitigate this effect, allowing the black hole to continue growing .
Theoretical Considerations
Gedanken Experiments
Theoretical studies, known as Gedanken experiments, have explored the possibility of destroying black holes by adding matter with sufficient charge or angular momentum. These studies have shown that extremal or nearly extremal black holes cannot be overcharged or overspun to the point of destruction, provided certain energy conditions are met Sorce2017Chen2019.
Conclusion
In summary, black holes do have the capability to destroy matter through their intense gravitational pull and accretion processes. This includes the potential destruction of neutron stars and the consumption of dark matter. However, theoretical constraints and observational evidence suggest that while black holes can significantly affect their surroundings, they do not completely annihilate all matter they encounter. The complex interplay between black holes, dark matter, and neutron stars continues to be a rich field of study, offering insights into the fundamental nature of the universe.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Dark matter annihilation around intermediate mass black holes: an update
Mini-spikes may be more likely to survive and serve as targets for indirect dark matter searches around intermediate mass black holes, with their abundances influenced by cosmological parameters and uncertainties in BH formation at high redshift.
Dark matter, destroyer of worlds: neutrino, thermal, and existential signatures from black holes in the Sun and Earth
Newly-formed black holes in the Sun and Earth can produce less destructive signatures, such as anomalous heat flows and high-energy neutrinos, that can probe large regions of parameter space not previously probed.
Growth of black holes in the interior of rotating neutron stars
Moderate rotation rates in neutron stars can destroy spherical accretion in early black hole growth stages, but nuclear matter viscosity can alleviate this effect, allowing the black hole to maintain spherical accretion while impeding maximal rotation.
Gedanken experiments to destroy a black hole. II. Kerr-Newman black holes cannot be overcharged or overspun
No gedanken experiment of the generalized Hubeny type can ever succeed in over-charging and/or over-spinning a Kerr-Newman black hole, provided only that the non-electromagnetic stress-energy tensor satisfies the null energy condition.
Constraints on primordial black holes as dark matter candidates from capture by neutron stars
Primordial black holes are not the sole dark matter candidates due to their capture by neutron stars, and their presence in cores of globular clusters may constrain their fraction in dark matter.
A Brief Review on Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
Primordial black holes are a potential candidate for dark matter, with their formation, abundance, and signatures potentially impacting the evolution of the Universe and the formation of structures.
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