Does eco-restoration cool the planet?
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Does Eco-Restoration Cool the Planet?
Introduction to Eco-Restoration and Climate Mitigation
Eco-restoration, the process of rejuvenating degraded ecosystems to their near-original state, has been increasingly recognized as a crucial strategy for mitigating climate change. This approach not only helps in conserving biodiversity but also plays a significant role in stabilizing the Earth's climate by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere .
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Eco-Restoration
Global Forest Restoration
One of the most effective methods of eco-restoration is the restoration of forested lands. Research indicates that global forest restoration could potentially add 0.9 billion hectares of tree cover, which would store approximately 205 gigatonnes of carbon. This amount is equivalent to 25% of the current atmospheric carbon pool, making forest restoration a highly effective strategy for carbon drawdown.
Multicriteria Optimization for Restoration
A multicriteria optimization approach has identified that restoring 15% of converted lands in priority areas could sequester 299 gigatonnes of CO2, which is 30% of the total CO2 increase in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. This approach emphasizes the importance of spatial planning and the inclusion of various biomes to maximize the benefits of restoration .
Broader Benefits of Eco-Restoration
Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services
Eco-restoration not only aids in climate mitigation but also supports biodiversity conservation. By restoring degraded lands, we can avoid 60% of expected extinctions and improve ecosystem services such as soil fertility, water regulation, and habitat provision . For instance, the restoration of coal mine degraded lands in India has shown significant improvements in ecological integrity and socioeconomic benefits, highlighting the multifaceted advantages of eco-restoration.
Socioeconomic and Community Benefits
Effective eco-restoration practices also contribute to human well-being by enhancing food and water security, delivering economic prosperity, and supporting climate resilience. Community participation and the use of traditional knowledge are essential for the success of these restoration projects, as demonstrated by various case studies .
Challenges and Considerations
Climate Change Implications
While eco-restoration holds great promise, it is essential to consider the implications of climate change on restoration practices. The changing biophysical conditions may make it challenging to restore historical ecosystem conditions. Therefore, restoration targets and references need to be adaptable to future climate scenarios.
Cost-Effectiveness and Prioritization
The cost-effectiveness of eco-restoration can vary significantly based on the location and the specific criteria used for prioritization. A balanced approach that considers biodiversity conservation, climate-change mitigation, and cost-effectiveness is crucial for achieving optimal outcomes.
Conclusion
Eco-restoration is a powerful tool for cooling the planet by sequestering carbon and enhancing biodiversity. By strategically prioritizing restoration efforts and involving local communities, we can maximize the ecological, economic, and social benefits of these initiatives. However, it is vital to adapt restoration practices to the changing climate and ensure that they are cost-effective and sustainable in the long term.
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