Does sun move
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Does the Sun Move?
Solar Motion Relative to Nearby Stars
The Sun exhibits motion relative to the average motion of stars in its vicinity, a concept known as "local solar motion." This motion is defined with respect to the centroid of the motions of nearby stars, also referred to as the "local standard of rest"1. The velocity of this local solar motion can vary depending on the sample and type of objects being observed. A commonly used measure is the "standard solar motion," which represents the Sun's motion relative to the average motion of stars cataloged for their radial velocity and proper motion1.
Sun's Motion in the Solar System
In addition to its motion relative to nearby stars, the Sun also moves within the solar system. This motion is characterized by a complex path composed of large and small loops, a phenomenon anticipated by Newton4. The Sun's orbit in the solar system is unique compared to other bodies, and it is expected to continue moving in this looping pattern indefinitely, without repeating the same path4.
Solar Rotation and Internal Dynamics
The Sun does not rotate as a rigid body. Observations indicate that the gas near the Sun's poles rotates more slowly than the gas near the equator. This differential rotation persists down to the base of the convection zone, below which the angular velocity becomes more uniform3. However, deeper regions of the Sun's interior may rotate more slowly than the surface, a situation that is likely transient and poses challenges to our understanding of the rotational evolution of main-sequence stars3.
Solar Motion Relative to the Local Group
The Sun also moves relative to the Local Group of galaxies. Recent data suggest that the Sun is moving with a velocity of approximately 306 km/s toward an apex at specific galactic coordinates6. This motion is consistent with previous analyses and helps refine our understanding of the Sun's position and movement within the broader context of the Local Group6.
Convection and Wave Motions in the Sun
The Sun's interior is characterized by complex convective motions that involve the flow of mass and energy at various scales2. Additionally, observations have suggested the presence of wave-like motions, potentially hydromagnetic planetary waves, moving both eastward and westward relative to the mean solar angular velocity9. These wave motions contribute to the dynamic behavior of the Sun's interior and surface.
Conclusion
In summary, the Sun is not stationary; it exhibits various types of motion. It moves relative to nearby stars, within the solar system, and relative to the Local Group of galaxies. Additionally, the Sun's internal dynamics, including differential rotation and convective motions, further illustrate its complex and dynamic nature. Understanding these motions is crucial for comprehending the broader astrophysical processes at play.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
THE SOLAR MOTION FROM DISTANT OBJECTS
The solar motion is used in various applications, including determining the distance between the sun and distant objects, and determining the solar rotation rate.
Colloquium : Unusual dynamics of convection in the Sun
The Sun's interior shows complex, multiscaled motions, with mass and energy flowing in and out of its convective region, affecting life on Earth.
Highly CitedSlow rotation of the Sun's interior
There is a substantial region inside the Sun rotating more slowly than the surface, likely a transient situation, and this dynamical problem remains unsolved.
Highly CitedLoops in the Sun’s orbit
The Sun's orbit consists of a chain of large and small loops within a circular outline with a diameter twice as large as the Sun's, and its velocity and acceleration are completely defined by the planets' relative velocities and accelerations.
Analysis of the Relation between Sun Motion Law and the Change of Earth’s Environment
The sun's motion law, derived from the law of motion between the moon, earth, sun, and Polaris, is the root of the change in Earth's environment.
The Solar Motion Relative to the Local Group
The Sun is moving with a velocity of V = 306 18 km s-1 relative to the Local Group, suggesting the Local Group is more compact and isolated than previously believed.
Highly CitedMoving with the sun
The 24-hour telemedicine conference marked the return of Hong Kong to China and the establishment of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, promoting global medical cooperation.
Characterizing motion types of G-band bright points in the quiet Sun
G-band bright points in the quiet Sun can be categorized into three motion types: straight, rotary, and erratic, with constant velocity for straight motion and variable velocity for rotary motion.
Planetary waves on the Sun?
Hydromagnetic planetary waves on the Sun may cause wave-like motions, slightly correcting the mean rate of rotation and estimating the mean toroidal magnetic field.
The Seismic Structure of the Sun
The internal structure of the sun can be well represented by a calibrated standard model, but the sound-speed variation is smoother in the sun than in the model, potentially due to chemical inhomogeneity or neglecting macroscopic motion.
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