Does television influence people's behavior?
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The Influence of Television on People's Behavior
Television and Aggressive Behavior
Research has consistently explored the relationship between television viewing and aggressive behavior. A longitudinal study in The Netherlands found positive correlations between viewing television violence and aggressive behavior in children, although this relationship diminished when accounting for initial aggression levels and intelligence. Similarly, a meta-analysis revealed a significant correlation between television violence and aggressive behavior, with varying degrees of impact depending on the research design and viewer attributes. These findings suggest that while there is a link between television violence and aggression, other factors also play a crucial role.
Television's Impact on Prosocial Behavior
The influence of television on prosocial behavior is less clear. The same longitudinal study from The Netherlands did not find significant positive correlations between viewing prosocial behavior on television and actual prosocial behavior in children. This indicates that while television can model prosocial behavior, it may not necessarily translate into real-life actions.
Television and Social Judgments
Television also affects social judgments through cultivation effects. Heavier television viewing has been linked to higher first-order cultivation judgments, such as overestimating the incidence of violent crime or the percentage of certain professions in the workforce. This suggests that television can shape viewers' perceptions of reality, influencing their social judgments and expectations.
Television's Influence on Adolescent Behavior
Television has a notable impact on adolescents' social behaviors. Research indicates that television viewing can shape adolescents' sexual behavior and social interactions, highlighting the need for critical interpretation and communication skills in multimedia environments. Additionally, television commercials significantly influence purchasing behavior, with adults believing that advertisements affect their buying decisions.
Television and Children's Development
The relationship between television viewing and children's development is complex. High-quality educational content can improve children's academic skills and predict positive academic performance. However, television viewing in infancy can disrupt play, reduce child-parent interactions, and is associated with inattentive behaviors, lower executive functions, and language delays. These effects underscore the importance of content and context in determining television's impact on children.
Television and Health Behaviors
Television viewing also affects health behaviors and body image. A survey of Flemish adolescents found that television viewing often accompanies snacking and drinking, influencing sleep and family meals. While no direct link between television viewing and obesity was found, viewing was related to self-assessments of weight and body image, particularly in relation to programs portraying idealized bodies. This highlights television's role in shaping health-related behaviors and self-perceptions.
Conclusion
Television has a multifaceted influence on people's behavior, affecting aggression, social judgments, adolescent behavior, children's development, and health behaviors. While it can model both positive and negative behaviors, the actual impact depends on various factors, including content, viewer characteristics, and context. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for mitigating negative effects and leveraging television's potential for positive influence.
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