Elemantary particles
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers for "elemantary particles"
Elementary Particles: Insights from Recent Research
The Standard Model of Elementary Particles
Development and Contributions
The Standard Model (SM) is a quantum field gauge theory that describes electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, forming the foundation of modern elementary particle physics. The development of the SM spanned from 1954, with the introduction of non-Abelian Yang-Mills gauge fields, to the early 1970s, culminating in the construction of renormalizable quantum chromodynamics and electroweak theory1. This period saw significant contributions from various scientific communities, including notable work from Russian physicists such as L. D. Landau and I. Ya. Pomeranchuk. However, the concept of Yang-Mills gauge fields faced resistance in the USSR due to issues like the "zero-charge" problem in quantum electrodynamics, leading many Soviet physicists to favor non-field phenomenological approaches based on S-matrix theory1.
Electrostatic Particle Collection in Vacuum
Lunar Dust Collection
In the context of lunar exploration, managing lunar dust is crucial due to its potential to damage sensitive equipment. The Electrostatic Lunar Dust Collector (ELDC) was developed to address this issue by collecting charged lunar dust particles using principles inspired by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)2. The ELDC's efficiency depends on several factors, including the orientation of the device and the surface potential of the lunar dust. For instance, smaller particles are more easily collected in a vertical orientation, while larger particles are better collected horizontally. The optimal surface potential for maximum collection efficiency ranges between 30 and 120 V. The ELDC proves to be an effective solution for lunar dust control, requiring relatively low voltage and offering ease of cleaning2.
Femtochemistry and Elementary Reactions
Dynamics in Gas-Liquid Transition
Femtochemistry, the study of chemical reactions on extremely short timescales, has been extended to explore elementary reactions in the gas-liquid transition region. Specifically, the dissociation and recombination of iodine in supercritical argon at densities up to 30.5 mol l^(-1) have been investigated3. This research examines how solvent density affects coherent nuclear motion, the rate of predissociation, and solvent caging. By studying these dynamics in real time, researchers gain valuable insights into the behavior of elementary reactions as they transition from gas to liquid states3.
Conclusion
The study of elementary particles encompasses a wide range of topics, from the foundational theories of the Standard Model to practical applications like lunar dust collection and the intricate dynamics of femtochemistry. Each of these areas contributes to our understanding of the fundamental forces and particles that constitute the universe, highlighting the diverse and interconnected nature of modern physics research.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
“Comedy of mistakes” and “drama of humans”: on the domestic contribution to the creation of The Standard Model of elemantary particle in physics
The Standard Model of elementary particles was developed through domestic contributions, with the USSR initially rejecting field theory and adopting a non-field phenomenological program.
Electrostatic particle collection in vacuum
The Electrostatic Lunar Dust Collector (ELDC) effectively collects lunar dust particles, offering a viable solution for lunar dust control with low voltage requirements and easy cleaning.
Femtochemistry at high pressures. The dynamics of an elemantary reaction in the gas—liquid transition region
Femtochemistry allows for real-time study of the dynamics of an elemantary reaction in supercritical argon, revealing changes in coherent nuclear motion, predissociation rate, and solvent caging.
Triviality pursuit: Can elementary scalar particles exist?
A pure 4 scalar field theory may be trivial or noninteracting, potentially undermining the search for elementary scalar "Higgs" particles and potentially affecting high energy physics.
Highly CitedPhysics of Elementary Particles
By J. D. Jackson London : Oxford University Press. Pp. ix + 135. Price 30s. This book is an introductory account of the physics of elementary particles, and is intended for graduate students and physicists who have a background of quantum mechanics. The book is divided into three roughly equal parts.
The Electrostatic Lunar Dust Analyzer (ELDA) for the detection and trajectory measurement of slow-moving dust particles from the lunar surface
The Electrostatic Lunar Dust Analyzer (ELDA) effectively detects and measures slow-moving dust particles on the lunar surface, providing valuable information for future equipment design.
Spinor Soliton as an Elementary Particle
The principle of superposition can be realized in special non-linear equations, allowing solitons to represent elementary particles and describe free and scattering waves.
In Search of 9 Hidden Particles
Mohamed Elnaschie's theory suggests that the standard model contains 69 particles, and if Elnaschie's theory is confirmed, at least one hidden particle could be found in 2008.
The Theory of the Structure of Elementary Particles
Pierz's remark suggests that the structure of elementary particles can be understood by considering them as various states of internal motion of a kind of "Urmaterie" (see below).
Aggregate dust particles at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Hierarchical agglomeration of dust particles at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko suggests that it may have been a dominant process during its growth, resulting in easier attachment to higher masses and velocities than homogeneous dust particles.
Rigorous JournalHighly Cited