Entrepreneurship among housewives
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Key Determinants of Entrepreneurship Among Housewives
Research shows that housewives are increasingly engaging in entrepreneurship, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by several key factors. The most significant determinants include economic necessity, social support, technological competence, opportunity recognition, and entrepreneurial passion. These factors either push housewives into entrepreneurship out of need or pull them in by presenting attractive opportunities. Internal motivators like passion and digital skills, as well as external pressures such as financial needs and recognizing business opportunities, play crucial roles in shaping entrepreneurial intentions among housewives in various countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Bangladesh Gunasegaran2024Gunasegaran2024.
The Role of Training and Education in Empowering Housewives
Entrepreneurship training programs have proven effective in increasing housewives’ understanding of business management and practical skills. Such programs not only help housewives start their own businesses but also create job opportunities and support community independence. Ongoing mentoring and monitoring are recommended to ensure the sustainability of these efforts. Expanding training to more communities can further enhance economic empowerment and independence among housewives Supratman2024Khamimah2021. Additionally, entrepreneurship education and family environment have been found to significantly influence housewives’ interest in starting businesses .
Digital Entrepreneurship: Opportunities and Barriers
Digital entrepreneurship offers housewives flexibility and the chance to balance home duties with business activities. Engaging in online businesses can provide economic independence and personal empowerment. However, challenges such as limited digital skills, access to technology, and societal expectations remain significant barriers. Digital literacy programs and supportive policies are needed to help housewives fully benefit from digital entrepreneurship and promote gender equality in the digital economy Nasir2024Yusup2019Febrina2020.
Social and Psychological Benefits of Entrepreneurship for Housewives
Entrepreneurship allows housewives to use their free time productively, improve their family’s economic situation, and serve as role models in their communities. Participation in business groups and online communities helps housewives gain inspiration, information, and practical knowledge, which strengthens their motivation and skills. These activities also foster professionalism, self-actualization, and psychological well-being Yusup2019Hidayati2020.
Challenges and Policy Recommendations
Despite the potential, housewives face several challenges, including limited access to capital, lack of confidence, and balancing family responsibilities with business demands. Internal factors (such as motivation and self-confidence) and external factors (such as social support and economic conditions) can either hinder or support their entrepreneurial journey. Policy recommendations include providing targeted training, improving access to technology, and creating supportive environments to encourage more housewives to pursue entrepreneurship Gunasegaran2024Gunasegaran2024Alfiana2023.
Conclusion
Entrepreneurship among housewives is influenced by a mix of economic, social, and personal factors. Training, digital literacy, and supportive policies are essential to empower housewives, overcome challenges, and unlock their potential as entrepreneurs. By addressing these factors, housewives can contribute significantly to family welfare, community development, and broader economic growth.
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