Examples of chronic conditions

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Examples of Chronic Conditions

Definition and Classification of Chronic Conditions

Chronic conditions are long-term health issues that persist for a year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living. The term "chronic disease" encompasses a wide range of health problems, and there is significant variation in how different organizations and studies define and classify these conditions Bernell2016Perrin1993. For instance, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) include heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and arthritis under chronic diseases . Meanwhile, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have a broader list that includes Alzheimer's disease, depression, and HIV .

Common Chronic Conditions

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke, are among the most prevalent chronic conditions. These diseases often require long-term management and can significantly impact a person's quality of life Bernell2016Freid2012.

Diabetes

Diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, is another common chronic condition. It requires continuous monitoring and management of blood sugar levels to prevent complications Bernell2016Freid2012.

Respiratory Conditions

Chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are also widespread. These conditions can severely limit daily activities and require ongoing treatment Bernell2016Freid2012.

Cancer

Cancer is a major chronic condition that necessitates long-term treatment and follow-up care. Survivors often deal with the long-term effects of the disease and its treatment Bernell2016Freid2012.

Mental Health Disorders

Mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety, are increasingly recognized as chronic conditions. These disorders require ongoing psychological and sometimes pharmacological treatment Bernell2016Hajat2018.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Conditions like arthritis and chronic back pain fall under musculoskeletal disorders. These conditions often lead to chronic pain and disability, requiring long-term management strategies Bernell2016Treede2019.

Neurological Disorders

Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia are chronic conditions that progressively impair cognitive function and require extensive care Bernell2016Freid2012.

Multiple Chronic Conditions (MCC)

The prevalence of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) is rising, particularly among older adults. MCCs add complexity to disease management and increase healthcare costs. Common combinations include hypertension with diabetes, and depression with cardiovascular diseases Hajat2018Freid2012Yang2019. The presence of MCCs necessitates a more integrated approach to healthcare to manage the various conditions effectively Hajat2018Yang2019.

Conclusion

Chronic conditions encompass a wide range of diseases and health issues that require long-term management. Understanding the common types of chronic conditions and their implications can help in developing better healthcare strategies and policies to manage these pervasive health issues effectively.

Sources and full results

Most relevant research papers on this topic

Use Your Words Carefully: What Is a Chronic Disease?

The term "chronic disease" has a wide range of meanings, causing confusion and misunderstanding in discussions about its impact, costs, and measures to reduce it.

Highly Cited

2016·

430citations

·S. Bernell et al.

Frontiers in Public Health·

DOI

Issues involved in the definition and classification of chronic health conditions.

A "generic" approach focusing on shared elements and individual experiences is recommended for defining and classifying chronic conditions in children, highlighting the variability in expression of seemingly similar conditions.

Literature ReviewHighly Cited

1993·

366citations

·E. Perrin et al.

Pediatrics·

DOI

Chronic conditions, fluid states: Chronicity and the anthropology of illness

This book challenges the biomedical notion of chronic disease, highlighting the importance of poverty, social inequality, and resource access in shaping its causes and lived reality, and challenges the assumption that chronicity equals static illness.

Highly Cited

2012·

91citations

·E. Wentzell

Global Public Health·

DOI

The case for a global focus on multiple chronic conditions

Multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) affect one in three adults globally, but their prevalence, clustering, cost, and patient burden remain unrecognized by the health community.

Systematic ReviewRigorous Journal

2018·

32citations

·C. Hajat et al.

BMJ Global Health·

DOI

Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)

The IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the ICD-11 improves classification and diagnostic coding, advancing the recognition of chronic pain as a health condition in its own right.

Very Rigorous JournalHighly Cited

2019·

2674citations

·R. Treede et al.

PAIN·

DOI

Multiple chronic conditions among adults aged 45 and over: trends over the past 10 years.

Over the past decade, the prevalence of multiple chronic conditions among adults aged 45 and over has increased, highlighting the need for improved chronic disease management and prevention policies.

Highly Cited

2012·

226citations

·V. M. Freid et al.

NCHS data brief

The Ubiquity of Chronic Illness

ABSTRACT This is a review of five different books dealing with some aspect of what might be termed a “chronic illness” – Alzheimer’s disease, lupus, addiction, erectile dysfunction, and leprosy. The array of different subjects examined in these books points to the negotiable limits of this hugely open category. What exactly constitutes an “illness”? Why not use a less biomedical term instead: “disturbance”, “problem”, or simply “condition”? And how are we to understand “chronic” – simply as the flipside of “acute” or “curable”?

2016·

5citations

·Claudia Fonseca et al.

Medical Anthropology·

DOI

Chronic Conditions Among Adults Aged 18─34 Years — United States, 2019

More than half (53.8%) of adults aged 18-34 years reported having at least one chronic condition in 2019, with obesity, depression, and high blood pressure being the most prevalent conditions.

Observational Study

2022·

68citations

·K. Watson et al.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·

DOI

The global burden of multiple chronic conditions: A narrative review

Multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) affect one in three adults globally, causing significant healthcare expenditures, deteriorating quality of life, and a high toll on carers.

Literature ReviewRigorous JournalHighly Cited

2018·

766citations

·C. Hajat et al.

Preventive Medicine Reports·

DOI

Chronic Pain: Structural and Functional Changes in Brain Structures and Associated Negative Affective States

Chronic pain is associated with structural and functional changes in brain structures, negative affective states, and neurotransmitter families, highlighting the need for future therapeutic approaches to manage chronic pain.

Literature ReviewHighly Cited

2019·

346citations

·Seoyon Yang et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences·

DOI

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