Fluoride tablets for kids
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Fluoride Tablets for Kids: Efficacy and Safety
Introduction to Fluoride Tablets for Children
Fluoride tablets have been used as a preventive measure against dental caries, especially in areas where water fluoridation is not available. These supplements come in various forms, including tablets, drops, lozenges, and chewing gums, and are intended to provide systemic fluoride to strengthen teeth and reduce the incidence of cavities.
Efficacy of Fluoride Tablets in Preventing Dental Caries
Reduction in Caries Increment
Research indicates that fluoride tablets can significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries in children. A comprehensive review involving 11 studies and 7,196 children found that fluoride supplements were associated with a 24% reduction in decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) in permanent teeth compared to no fluoride supplement. This suggests that fluoride tablets are effective in reducing caries increment in permanent teeth.
Comparison with Other Preventive Measures
When compared with other preventive measures such as topical fluorides, the efficacy of fluoride tablets did not show a significant differential effect on either permanent or deciduous teeth. This indicates that while fluoride tablets are effective, they may not be superior to other fluoride-based preventive strategies.
Long-Term Use and Caries Prevention
Long-term studies have shown that the use of fluoride tablets can lead to a significant reduction in dental caries. For instance, a study involving schoolchildren who used acidulated phosphate-fluoride tablets for six years demonstrated a notable decrease in caries incidence. Another study reported similar findings after 55 months, highlighting the benefits of consistent fluoride tablet use.
Safety and Adverse Effects
Fluorosis Risk
One of the primary concerns with the use of fluoride tablets is the risk of dental fluorosis, a condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development. A study examining the effects of fluoride tablets among children using fluoridated salt found an increased occurrence of mild fluorosis with prolonged use of fluoride tablets. Specifically, children who used fluoride tablets for more than five years had a higher risk of developing mild fluorosis compared to those who used them for a shorter duration.
Parental Attitudes and Compliance
Parental attitudes towards fluoride tablet use can significantly influence compliance and effectiveness. A study conducted in Sweden revealed that concerns about the safety of swallowing fluoride were a common reason for discontinuing tablet use. This highlights the need for clear communication and education about the benefits and risks of fluoride supplements to ensure proper usage.
Conclusion
Fluoride tablets are an effective measure for reducing dental caries in children, particularly in areas without water fluoridation. They have been shown to significantly decrease caries increment in permanent teeth and provide long-term benefits when used consistently. However, the risk of dental fluorosis and parental concerns about safety must be carefully managed. Overall, fluoride tablets can be a valuable part of a comprehensive caries prevention program when used appropriately and under professional guidance.
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