gender inequality

Introduction

Gender inequality remains a pervasive issue affecting various aspects of life, including economic opportunities, social status, and exposure to violence. Despite significant progress over the past decades, disparities between men and women persist globally, necessitating continued efforts to understand and address these inequalities.

Key Insights

Economic Disparities:
- Male-headed households generally possess more asset wealth and agricultural land compared to female-headed households, with significant spatial variations in inequality levels.
- Gender accounts for a substantial portion of income inequality, with up to 13% of long-run income inequality in Sweden attributed to gender differences.
Perceptions and Support for Gender Equality:
- Women are more likely than men to perceive gender inequality and support efforts to combat it. However, well-educated individuals tend to be less favorable toward reducing gender inequality.
- In the U.S., women's labor force participation positively influences their support for gender equality efforts, a finding not consistently observed in other countries.
Violence and Gender Inequality:
- Gender equality is linked to varying rates of gendered violence. In some regions, higher gender equality correlates with increased male-perpetrated violence against females and other males, supporting the backlash hypothesis.
Progress and Stagnation:
- Significant progress in gender equality has been made since the 1970s, particularly in education and employment. However, the pace of change has slowed or stalled in recent decades, indicating the need for further institutional and cultural changes.
- Despite progress, gender inequality persists in various domains, including career trajectories, household responsibilities, and exposure to violence.
Measurement and Policy Implications:
- New indices for measuring socio-economic gender inequality highlight that differences in earned income are a major contributor to overall gender inequality. These indices provide a more nuanced understanding of gender gaps.
- Reducing gender-based task inequalities can be achieved by disconfirming established gender-based expectations, demonstrating the situational specificity of sex role socialization.

Conclusion

Gender inequality remains a multifaceted issue influenced by economic disparities, societal perceptions, and exposure to violence. While there has been notable progress in some areas, the pace of change has slowed, underscoring the need for continued efforts and substantial institutional and cultural reforms. Addressing these inequalities requires a comprehensive approach that includes better measurement tools, supportive policies, and a shift in societal norms.

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Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Gender Equality and Gendered Homicides

Gender equality is positively related to male killings of females and other males in southern cities, while negatively associated with male killings of other males in other regions.

GENDER INEQUALITY

Gender Inequality: A Reference Handbook provides a historical background and current perspectives on gender inequality, aiding readers in further research and understanding the topic for high school through community college students and adults.

The Geography of Gender Inequality

Male-headed households have on average 13% more asset wealth and 303% more land for agriculture than female-headed households, but spatial heterogeneity exists across countries and regions.

MEN'S AND WOMEN'S CONSCIOUSNESS OF GENDER INEQUALITY: AUSTRIA, WEST GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN, AND THE UNITED STATES*

Well-educated individuals and women with employed husbands are less supportive of efforts to reduce gender inequality, while women are more likely to perceive and support efforts to combat it in Austria, Great Britain, West Germany, and Austria.

Gender Equality and Inequality

This chapter provides key terms and frameworks for understanding gender inequality, highlighting the importance of a feminist lens in social justice efforts.

Can gender inequalities be reduced

Disconfirmation of established gender-based expectations can reduce task inequality for both women and men, supporting status characteristics theory predictions.

Gender and inequality of opportunity in Sweden

Gender accounts for up to 13% of income inequality in Sweden, with circumstances accounting for up to 31% among men and 25% among women.

A demographic perspective on gender inequality

Demographic studies reveal progress in gender equality, but inequality still exists, often to the detriment of women, in various areas.

The Measurement of Socio‐economic Gender Inequality Revisited

The new indices measure socio-economic gender inequality more effectively, revealing that the average difference between women's and men's achievement levels has reduced by 12 per cent from 1995-2005.

Progress toward gender equality in the United States has slowed or stalled

Progress towards gender equality in the US has slowed or stalled in recent decades, suggesting further institutional and cultural change is needed for further progress.

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