The InSight lander has revealed new atmospheric phenomena on Mars, including airglow, bores, infrasound, and Earth-like turbulence, which will enhance our understanding of Mars' meteorology and future exploration.

The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

Photosynthetic oxygen production on Mars is feasible, but requires significant temperature and atmospheric mass increases, and could take thousands of years.

Atmospheric engineering of Mars

Mars' atmosphere must be significantly smaller than the Earth's, as its mass is only o. 11 that of the Earth.

CONCERNING AN ATMOSPHERE ON MARS

The atmosphere of Mars contains at least as much carbon dioxide as the Earth's, but methane and ammonia are absent, and the polar caps may be snow and clouds of water vapour.

Atmosphere of Mars

Photochemical reactions in Mars' exosphere play a crucial role in the evolution of the Martian atmosphere, with oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen escape fluxes playing a crucial role in the atmosphere's evolution.

Mars: An Evolving Atmosphere

The atmosphere of Mars primarily consists of carbon dioxide with a small amount of water vapor, and its pressure is less than one hundredth of that on Earth.

The Atmosphere of Mars

Making Mars habitable using super greenhouse gases could potentially support life, but ethical concerns include the possibility of indigenous life and the value of a global biosphere.

The physics, biology, and environmental ethics of making mars habitable.

Recent studies suggest Mars is a mutually coupled system, potentially indicating an upward revision of total atmospheric loss to space and potentially revealing indirect signs of life, such as methane (CH4).

Mars' climate evolved from a warmer, wetter early state to a cold, arid current state, with no missing reservoirs or loss processes.

Tracing the fate of carbon and the atmospheric evolution of Mars

The climate of Mars is as complex and diverse as that of Earth, with complex nonlinear feedbacks affecting its response to external forcing variations.

The physics of Martian weather and climate: a review

66% of Mars' atmosphere has been lost to space, contributing to the planet's climate transition from a warm, wet past to a cold, dry present.

Mars’ atmospheric history derived from upper-atmosphere measurements of 38Ar/36Ar

The Martian atmosphere has a short radiative time and a significant role of suspended dust in providing a potent thermal drive for the atmosphere, with current understanding based on meteorological data and first-order constraints.

Dynamics of the atmosphere of Mars

Most of Mars' atmosphere has been lost into space since its formation, potentially explaining its climate changes and informing our understanding of similar processes on Earth.

Most of Mars' atmosphere has been lost.

Mars' climate is influenced by the composition of its atmosphere, volcanic activity, and orbital parameters, which change the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of incoming solar energy.

THE CLIMATE OF MARS.

High-altitude water on Mars can significantly increase the atmospheric escape of atomic hydrogen, potentially controlling the planet's atmospheric chemistry and affecting the planet's habitability for millions of years.

Elevated atmospheric escape of atomic hydrogen from Mars induced by high-altitude water

Impact erosion may account for an early episode of atmosphere loss from Mars, suggesting a primordial atmospheric pressure of 1 bar.

Impact erosion of the primordial atmosphere of Mars

Mars' atmosphere and climate are crucial factors in understanding the planet's past and future, with new techniques like numerical simulation and data assimilation aiding our understanding.

The Martian climate revisited : atmosphere and environment of a desert planet

Molecular oxygen (O2) has been detected in the atmosphere of Mars, with four distinct lines observed in the 7620  A-band, supporting its identification as a terrestrial atmosphere source.

Detection of Molecular Oxygen in the Martian Atmosphere

Mars' upper atmosphere has been mapped, revealing wind speeds and global circulation at altitudes of 150 kilometers, offering insights into atmospheric loss processes.

Mapping winds in Mars' upper atmosphere

Water vapor in Mars' atmosphere can reach high altitudes, potentially controlling the rate at which water lost to space.

Water reaches Mars' upper atmosphere

Some studies suggest that creating an atmosphere on Mars is feasible through methods like photosynthetic oxygen production and super greenhouse gases, while other studies highlight significant challenges such as the need for substantial temperature and atmospheric mass increases, and ethical concerns regarding potential indigenous life.