GSE has antibacterial properties against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms at safe concentrations, disrupting bacterial membranes and liberating cytoplasmic contents within 15 minutes after contact.

The effectiveness of processed grapefruit-seed extract as an antibacterial agent: II. Mechanism of action and in vitro toxicity.

Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) effectively reduces foodborne pathogens and maintains food quality and safety in food packaging films and coatings.

Grapefruit Seed Extract-Added Functional Films and Coating for Active Packaging Applications: A Review

Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is an effective natural antimicrobial in food, but further research is needed to determine if its antibacterial activity is derived from synthetic substances like benzalkonium chloride.

Grapefruit Seed Extract as a Natural Food Antimicrobial: a Review

Grapefruit seed extract's antimicrobial activity is due to synthetic preservative agents, not natural products with antimicrobial activity.

Aspects of the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract and its relation to preservative substances contained.

Grapefruit seed extract shows anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, potentially being used as a safe and effective preservative in food products.

Anti-biofilm Activity of Grapefruit Seed Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Ethanolic extract of grapefruit seed and pulp shows strong antibacterial and antifungal activity, with the strongest effect against Salmonella enteritidis.

Antimicrobial activity of grapefruit seed and pulp ethanolic extract.

Grapefruit Seed Extract effectively reduces the populations of human bacterial pathogens on whole and fresh-cut green vegetables, with potential applications in preserving minimally processed vegetables.

Antibacterial effect of Grapefruit Seed Extract on food-borne pathogens and its application in the preservation of minimally processed vegetables

Grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) effectively prolongs the no spoiling time for Pseudomonas spp. in dairy products, offering a green, environmentally friendly alternative to toxic preservatives.

BIOACTIVITY OF GRAPEFRUIT SEED EXTRACT AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS SPP

GCN-loaded chitosan/carrageenan nanoencapsulation effectively inhibits oral bacteria, offering a promising technique for oral health.

Nanoencapsulation of Grapefruit Seed Extract and Cinnamon Oil for Oral Health: Preparation, In Vitro, and Clinical Antimicrobial Activities.

The HPLC method developed in this study allows for the simultaneous determination of 18 preservatives in grapefruit seed extract, enabling quality assessment of commercial products and identifying adulterants.

Development and validation of an HPLC/UV/MS method for simultaneous determination of 18 preservatives in grapefruit seed extract.

Grapefruit-seed extract shows antibacterial properties comparable to proven topical antibacterials, with a slightly greater inhibitory effect on gram-positive organisms than gram-negative organisms.

The effectiveness of processed grapefruit-seed extract as an antibacterial agent: I. An in vitro agar assay.

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose-grapefruit seed extract nanoparticles in cellulose-based hydrogel films show excellent antimicrobial activity and elongation at break, making them a potential substitute for synthetic drug-loaded hydrogels in wound healing and other biological applications.

Cellulose based nanocomposite hydrogel films consisting of sodium carboxymethylcellulose-grapefruit seed extract nanoparticles for potential wound healing applications.

Nanoparticle-based coatings with grapefruit seed extract effectively extend the shelf life of shrimp by more than 5 days, improving safety and quality during storage.

Enhancing safety and quality of shrimp by nanoparticles of sodium alginate-based edible coating containing grapefruit seed extract.

Grapefruit seed extract reduces acute pancreatitis induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats, likely due to activation of antioxidative mechanisms and improved pancreatic blood flow.

Extract of grapefruit-seed reduces acute pancreatitis induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats: possible implication of tissue antioxidants.

Agar-based films incorporating grapefruit seed extract show promising antimicrobial activity against food pathogens, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic packaging films.

Antimicrobial and physical-mechanical properties of agar-based films incorporated with grapefruit seed extract.

A novel chitosan coating containing grapefruit seed extract effectively improves cherry tomato safety and storability without altering their flavor, with stronger efficacy at 25°C than without GSE.

Edible Coating Using a Chitosan-Based Colloid Incorporating Grapefruit Seed Extract for Cherry Tomato Safety and Preservation.

Commercial grapefruit seed extracts contain benzethonium chloride, a synthetic antimicrobial agent commonly used in cosmetics and other topical applications, with higher amounts found in powdered samples.

Identification of benzethonium chloride in commercial grapefruit seed extracts.

This non-toxic method for grafting chitosan-based microcapsules with grapefruit seed oil onto cellulose fibers creates durable, antimicrobial materials with a durable fragrance.

Chitosan-based microcapsules containing grapefruit seed extract grafted onto cellulose fibers by a non-toxic procedure.

Grapefruit seed extract shows different antioxidant activities in vegetable oils, with different mechanisms depending on temperature conditions.

Antioxidant activity of grapefruit seed extract on vegetable oils

Adding 1.5% grapefruit seed extract to corn starch-chitosan bionanocomposite films extends shelf life and maintains food quality and safety, making it a promising eco-friendly active packaging option for confectionary industries.

Effect of grapefruit seed extract ratios on functional properties of corn starch-chitosan bionanocomposite films for active packaging.

Some studies suggest that Grapefruit Seed Extract (GSE) is safe and effective as an antimicrobial agent in food and other applications, while other studies indicate that its antimicrobial properties may be due to synthetic preservatives rather than natural compounds, necessitating further research.