Green synthesis of copper based nanoaprticles
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Green Synthesis of Copper-Based Nanoparticles
Introduction to Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles
Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) is an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods. This approach utilizes natural resources such as plant extracts, which act as reducing and stabilizing agents, to produce nanoparticles with various beneficial properties. The green synthesis method not only reduces the environmental impact but also enhances the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
Plant Extracts as Reducing Agents
Sesbania grandiflora Leaf Extract
The use of Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract in the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) has shown promising results. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited significant anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial properties. Characterization techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX confirmed the formation of needle-shaped particles with a size of 33 nm. These nanoparticles demonstrated excellent inhibition of DPPH-free radical formation and protein degradation, as well as effective antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been used to synthesize stable copper nanoparticles without the need for surfactants. The resulting Cu NPs showed high catalytic activity for the Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes at room temperature. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, EDS, FTIR, and UV-Vis techniques, and they remained stable even after one month, indicating their potential for long-term applications.
Plantago asiatica Leaf Extract
Plantago asiatica leaf extract provides a simple and eco-friendly method for synthesizing Cu NPs. The process is rapid, reducing copper ions to Cu(0) within five minutes without the use of stabilizers or surfactants. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, TEM, and XRD. These Cu NPs demonstrated high catalytic activity for the cyanation of aldehydes, offering advantages such as shorter reaction times and higher yields.
Citrus sinensis Fruit Extract
Citrus sinensis (orange) fruit extract has been utilized for the microwave-mediated green synthesis of Cu NPs. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XRD. The Cu NPs were found to be round in shape with a size range of 6.93-20.70 nm and exhibited high stability. These nanoparticles also showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and were non-cytotoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells, indicating their potential for biomedical applications.
Ziziphus spina-christi Fruit Extract
The fruit extract of Ziziphus spina-christi has been used to synthesize Cu NPs, which were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, and XRD. These nanoparticles demonstrated efficient adsorption of triphenylmethane dye and exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The study highlighted the potential of these Cu NPs as adsorptive nanomaterials for environmental applications.
Comparative Studies and Applications
Green vs. Traditional Synthesis
A comparative study between green and traditional chemical methods for synthesizing CuO NPs revealed that green-synthesized nanoparticles have more negative surface charges and higher potential. Both types of nanoparticles exhibited electrocatalytic activity, suggesting that green-synthesized CuO NPs can be effectively used in electrochemical sensors.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes
CuO NPs synthesized using Psidium guajava leaf extract demonstrated excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency for industrial dyes such as Nile blue and reactive yellow 160. These nanoparticles were found to be reusable for multiple cycles, making them a promising option for water purification applications.
Conclusion
Green synthesis of copper-based nanoparticles using plant extracts offers a sustainable and efficient approach to nanoparticle production. The resulting nanoparticles exhibit a range of beneficial properties, including catalytic activity, antibacterial effects, and environmental applications. This method not only reduces the environmental impact but also enhances the biocompatibility and stability of the nanoparticles, making them suitable for various industrial and biomedical applications.
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