Hawking black hole
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Hawking Radiation in Various Black Hole Contexts
Introduction to Hawking Radiation
Hawking radiation is a theoretical prediction by Stephen Hawking that black holes emit radiation due to quantum effects near the event horizon. This phenomenon has been studied extensively in various types of black holes, including Schwarzschild, Kerr, and dilatonic black holes, as well as in analogue systems.
Hawking Radiation from Dilatonic and Rotating Black Holes
Recent studies have extended the analysis of Hawking radiation to dilatonic black holes and rotating black holes. For instance, the application of gravitational anomaly cancellation methods to static, spherically symmetric dilatonic black holes and rotating Kaluza-Klein and Kerr-Sen black holes has shown that the energy-momentum tensor flux required to cancel the gravitational anomaly matches the blackbody radiation at the Hawking temperature1. Similarly, the Hawking flux from rotating black holes, including higher-dimensional Myers-Perry black holes, has been derived using the same anomaly cancellation approach4.
Hawking Radiation in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) Space
Hawking radiation has also been investigated in the context of black holes in (d+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space. By employing methods such as Bogoliubov transformations and viewing Hawking radiation as a tunneling process, researchers have computed the tunneling probability and found corrections to the semiclassical emission rate due to back reaction on the background geometry2. Additionally, the phase structure of quantum field theories on asymptotically AdS black hole backgrounds has been explored, providing insights into Hartle-Hawking-like states and the physics of strongly coupled large N theories7.
Sonic Black Holes and Analogue Systems
Sonic black holes, or analogue black holes, provide a unique platform to study Hawking radiation experimentally. In these systems, a one-dimensional Fermi-degenerate liquid forms a transonic flow, creating a sonic analog of a black hole. Quantum tunneling through the barrier in these systems results in quasiparticle excitations that are radiated with a thermal distribution, closely mirroring Hawking's original prediction3. Experimental setups using rubidium atoms have confirmed that the correlation spectrum of Hawking radiation in these analogue black holes agrees with a thermal spectrum, with the temperature given by the surface gravity10.
Extremal Black Holes and Hawking Radiation
Extremal black holes, which have the minimum possible mass for a given charge and angular momentum, do not emit Hawking radiation. This has been demonstrated using the Bogoliubov transformation method, where the required normalization condition for the Bogoliubov coefficients is not satisfied in the extremal case. Canonical formulations have also consistently shown a vanishing number density of Hawking quanta for extremal Kerr black holes5.
Interferometry and Imaging of Black Holes
Wave optical imaging techniques have been used to study the spatial correlation function of Hawking radiation. By evaluating the transmission and reflection coefficients for scalar wave modes, researchers have obtained wave optical images of evaporating black holes. These images reveal that interference between incoming modes from the cosmological horizon and reflected modes due to black hole scattering can enhance the brightness near the photon sphere6.
Conclusion
The study of Hawking radiation across various black hole types and analogue systems has provided significant insights into the quantum nature of black holes. From theoretical derivations using gravitational anomalies and tunneling processes to experimental verifications in analogue systems, the research continues to support and expand upon Hawking's original prediction, enhancing our understanding of black hole thermodynamics and quantum gravity.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Hawking radiation from dilatonic black holes via anomalies
Hawking radiation from static, spherically symmetric dilatonic black holes with arbitrary coupling constants and rotating Kaluza-Klein and Kerr-Sen black holes via anomalies supports Robinson and Wilczek's opinion.
Highly CitedHawking Radiation from AdS Black Holes
Hawking radiation from black holes in (d+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space can be viewed as a tunneling process across the horizon, with a leading correction to the semiclassical emission rate arising from back reaction to the background geometry.
Highly CitedHawking radiation in sonic black holes.
Sonic black holes can produce Hawking radiation, a new transport phenomenon for ultracold atoms, with potential experimental verification.
Highly CitedHawking radiation from rotating black holes and gravitational anomalies
Hawking radiation from rotating black holes can be derived by canceling gravitational anomalies, reducing the scalar field theory near the Kerr black hole horizon to the 2-dimensional effective theory.
Highly CitedHawking effect in an extremal Kerr black hole spacetime
The inverse term plays a crucial role in the vanishing number density of Hawking quanta in extremal Kerr black hole spacetime, despite the absence of Hawking radiation.
Interferometry of black holes with Hawking radiation
Hawking radiation can produce wave optical images of black holes, revealing their surface like a star, but the emission region cannot be identified.
Hawking radiation from AdS black holes
This study provides insights into Hartle-Hawking-like states on large-radius Schwarzschild- or rotating-AdS black holes, and explores the physics of strongly coupled large N theories on asymptotically AdS black holes.
Highly CitedHawking radiation as tunneling from the Kerr and Kerr-Newman black holes
Hawking radiation as tunneling from black holes shows a deviation from the pure thermal spectrum when considering energy conservation, angular momentum conservation, and electric charge conservation, but remains consistent with an underlying unitary theory.
Highly CitedA Generalization of Hawking’s Black Hole Topology Theorem to Higher Dimensions
Hawking's black hole topology theorem is generalized to higher dimensions, indicating that event horizons and outer apparent horizons in 4-dimensional black hole spacetimes are of positive Yamabe type, admitting metrics of positive scalar curvature.
Highly CitedObservation of thermal Hawking radiation and its temperature in an analogue black hole
Hawking radiation's correlation spectrum agrees well with a thermal spectrum, and its temperature is given by surface gravity, confirming the predictions of Hawking's theory in an analogue black hole composed of rubidium atoms.
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