Do high expectations lead to better results?

Introduction

The relationship between high expectations and performance outcomes has been a subject of extensive research across various fields, including education, healthcare, and organizational behavior. This synthesis aims to consolidate findings from multiple studies to determine whether high expectations lead to better results.

Key Insights

High Expectations and Negotiation Outcomes:
- High expectations generally lead to better negotiation results, but the highest aspiration level does not guarantee success if both parties have similar high expectations.
Teacher Expectations and Student Achievement:
- Students taught by teachers with high expectations show significant improvement in academic performance, particularly in mathematics.
- High teacher expectations positively influence students' socio-psychological outcomes and academic competence, leading to higher achievement levels by the end of the year.
Management and Organizational Performance:
- Organizations that set high performance expectations and hold employees accountable tend to achieve better productivity and performance improvements.
Patient Expectations and Medical Outcomes:
- High patient expectations are associated with better objective outcomes (e.g., pain reduction and improved function) after surgeries like hip and knee replacements, although these expectations are often higher than the actual outcomes achieved.
- Positive expectations can lead to a more optimistic view of improvement post-surgery, even if the actual health outcomes do not change significantly.
Perceptual and Cognitive Processes:
- Expectations can facilitate metacognition and improve perceptual decision-making, indicating that high expectations can enhance cognitive processing.
- In sentence integration tasks, high expectations help in faster processing and better integration of expected information, while incorrect expectations can interfere with comprehension.
Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in School Performance:
- High expectations are more accurately realized when there is correct recall of prior performance, which is less common among lower-SES and minority students, affecting their school performance.
Self-Esteem and Task Performance:
- High expectations improve task performance significantly in individuals with high self-esteem, but not in those with low self-esteem.

Conclusion

High expectations generally lead to better results across various domains, including education, healthcare, and organizational performance. However, the effectiveness of high expectations can be influenced by factors such as the presence of equally high expectations from others, accurate recall of past performance, and individual self-esteem levels. While high expectations can drive better objective outcomes and foster a more positive perception of improvement, they may also lead to unmet expectations if the anticipated results are overly optimistic.

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Do high expectations lead to better results?

Summary

Consensus Meter

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

The importance of expectations on negotiation results

High expectations in negotiation are more influential than low expectations, with maximum aspiration having a greater impact on positive outcomes than minimum aspiration.

A teacher expectation intervention: Modelling the practices of high expectation teachers

High expectation teacher training significantly improved students' mathematics achievement over one year, with high satisfaction among teachers and integrity in implementation.

Demand better results--and get them.

Setting specific, modest goals and progressively increasing demands can improve organizational performance and boost employee motivation.

High Pre-Operative Expectations Precede Both Unfulfilled Expectations and Clinical Improvement After Total Hip and Total Knee Replacement.

High pre-operative expectations for hip and knee replacement surgery lead to better objective outcomes but less subjective improvement, with physicians' expectations influencing outcomes in knee patients.

The Role of Expectations in Patients' Reports of Post‐Operative Outcomes and Improvement Following Therapy

Positive expectations about improvement after surgery lead to a more optimistic view of recovery, but do not significantly impact patient reports of symptoms or overall health.

Prior expectations facilitate metacognition for perceptual decision

Prior expectations improve metacognition for perceptual decisions, independently of attention, by congruently aligning with yes/no responses to target presence/absence.

When expectations work: race and socioeconomic differences in school performance

Higher expectations lead to better performance, especially for lower-SES and minority students and their parents, when they correctly recall prior marks.

Achievement and beliefs outcomes of students with high and low expectation teachers

High teacher expectations lead to higher student reading achievement and more positive beliefs at the end of the year, but not self-concept.

Role of expectations in sentence integration.

High-expectation texts lead to faster judgments of unrelated sentences and faster reading of expectation-fulfilling sentences, while incorrect expectations hinder sentence integration processes.

The effects of expectations upon task performance as moderated by levels of self-esteem

High self-esteem individuals show significantly better task performance when faced with favorable or unfavorable expectations in a simulated work environment.

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