How do you get bronchitis
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Understanding How You Get Bronchitis
Introduction to Bronchitis
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are the airways that carry air to your lungs. This condition often results in a persistent cough that brings up mucus, along with symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.
Causes of Acute Bronchitis
Viral Infections
The majority of acute bronchitis cases, approximately 90%, are caused by viral infections. Common viruses responsible for acute bronchitis include rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, and influenza viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is also a significant cause, particularly in infants and young children, where it can lead to bronchiolitis, a related condition.
Bacterial Infections
Although less common, bacterial infections can also cause acute bronchitis. Bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae are known to be potential culprits.
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition often associated with smoking and prolonged exposure to irritants like air pollution, dust, or toxic gases. Unlike acute bronchitis, which is usually self-limiting, chronic bronchitis is a serious, ongoing condition that requires medical management.
Risk Factors and Complications
Recurrent Wheeze and Asthma
Research indicates that viral infections, particularly those caused by RSV and rhinovirus, are not only common causes of bronchiolitis but also significant risk factors for recurrent wheeze and asthma in children. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent long-term respiratory issues.
Severe Disease Management
For infants with severe bronchiolitis, supportive care is crucial. This includes maintaining oxygenation and hydration. While treatments like bronchodilators and corticosteroids have not shown significant benefits, other interventions such as high-flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure may help prevent respiratory failure in severe cases.
Conclusion
Bronchitis, whether acute or chronic, is primarily caused by viral infections, with bacterial infections playing a lesser role. Understanding the causes and risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management. Early intervention, especially in viral-induced cases, can help mitigate long-term complications such as recurrent wheeze and asthma.
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