How do you get rid of the common cold
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Effective Treatments for the Common Cold
Symptomatic Relief for Common Cold
Over-the-Counter Medications
The common cold, primarily caused by rhinoviruses, is a frequent ailment that affects both adults and children multiple times a year. Despite extensive research, no cure has been found, and treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as first-generation antihistamines, anticholinergics, and α-agonists can effectively reduce rhinorrhea (runny nose) and sneezing, though they have minimal impact on other symptoms. Decongestants, both topical (intranasal) and oral, can relieve nasal congestion and are recommended for use in adults and adolescents for up to three days.
Antitussive Agents
For cough relief, dextromethorphan may be beneficial in adults, but its effectiveness in children and adolescents is not well-supported. Codeine and hydrocodone, although commonly used, have not been proven effective for coughs caused by the common cold.
Alternative and Complementary Therapies
Zinc
Zinc has shown promise in reducing the duration and severity of cold symptoms when taken within 24 hours of onset. However, the optimal dosage and formulation are still under investigation, and side effects such as bad taste and nausea are common . Zinc lozenges, in particular, have been studied extensively and are recommended at doses of 75 mg/day or higher for the best results.
Vitamin C
Prophylactic use of vitamin C may modestly reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms in the general population and is particularly beneficial for individuals exposed to physical and environmental stress .
Garlic
Garlic is believed to have antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Some studies suggest that garlic supplements can reduce the incidence of colds, although more research is needed to confirm these findings .
Herbal Remedies
Herbal preparations such as Echinacea purpurea and Pelargonium sidoides (geranium) extract have been used to treat cold symptoms. However, their effectiveness varies, and more high-quality studies are needed to establish their efficacy .
Treatments for Children
Safe Options
For children, the use of OTC cough and cold medications is generally not recommended due to potential harm and lack of benefits. Safe and effective treatments for children include vapor rub, zinc sulfate, nasal saline irrigation, and honey (for children over one year old) . Prophylactic probiotics and certain herbal preparations like Chizukit may also reduce the incidence of colds in children.
Preventive Measures
Hand Hygiene
Good hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of viruses that cause the common cold. Educating patients about the self-limited nature of the common cold and the importance of hand hygiene can help manage expectations and reduce unnecessary use of medications.
Conclusion
While there is no cure for the common cold, various treatments can help alleviate symptoms. OTC medications, zinc, vitamin C, and certain herbal remedies offer some relief, though their effectiveness can vary. For children, safer alternatives like vapor rub and nasal saline irrigation are recommended. Preventive measures, particularly good hand hygiene, remain crucial in reducing the spread of cold viruses.
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