Urban green space exposure is associated with lower mortality, heart rate, and violence, and increased attention, mood, and physical activity, but mixed results on weight status, depression, and stress.

Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health

Urban blue-green spaces positively impact residents' physical, mental, and public health, but more research is needed to understand their mediating effects and differences in health effects across ages and social classes.

Impacts of Urban Blue-Green Space on Residents’ Health: A Bibliometric Review

Urban green spaces generally have beneficial health effects, but establishing a causal relationship is difficult due to complex relationships and user factors.

The health benefits of urban green spaces: a review of the evidence.

Public urban green spaces positively influence social cohesion through their physical characteristics, perceptions, and use patterns, with complex relationships involving environmental perceptions and use patterns.

Underlying relationships between public urban green spaces and social cohesion: A systematic literature review

Green spaces are generally positive for health, but more research is needed to optimize their impact and understand the biological aspects of nature-human interactions.

The impact of green space and biodiversity on health

Future studies should conduct analyses at finer spatial scales and employ multiple exposure assessment methods to better understand the association between greenspace and health across multiple pathways.

Spatial dimensions of the influence of urban green-blue spaces on human health: A systematic review.

Green spaces show stronger protective effects on physical health for lower-income and racially/ethnically minority individuals, potentially advancing health equity.

Green Space and Health Equity: A Systematic Review on the Potential of Green Space to Reduce Health Disparities

Urban green spaces positively impact residents' well-being, with the highest well-being found within 1-5 km of a park or green space, and lower well-being found over 10 km away.

Effects of urban green spaces on residents’ well-being

Green gentrification negatively impacts longtime, marginalized residents' sense of community, sense of belonging in green spaces, and use of green spaces less often than newcomers.

Green Gentrification and Health: A Scoping Review

Urban green spaces promote health and well-being across the life course, and a life-course approach can guide urban planning and design to meet diverse needs across all life stages.

Green space benefits for health and well-being: A life-course approach for urban planning, design and management

Public urban green spaces improve human well-being through increased health, mental health, and good social relations, with structure and biodiversity being key characteristics.

Linking public urban green spaces and human well-being: A systematic review

Urban green space significantly impacts life satisfaction in Berlin, with optimal levels at 36 ha in a 1 km buffer, but 75% of residents have less available.

The role of urban green space for human well-being

Urban green space significantly improves the health of middle-aged and older adults in China, with potential mechanisms including reducing hot weather and optimizing air quality.

The impact of urban green space on the health of middle-aged and older adults

Urban green spaces may have some positive effect on mental health and cardiovascular diseases, but socio-economic factors like income and neighborhood deprivation have a greater impact.

The Influence of Socio-economic and Socio-demographic Factors in the Association Between Urban Green Space and Health

Urban green space strategies should be 'just green enough' to promote public health and environmental justice, while also addressing housing costs and property values, to avoid gentrification and displacement.

Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough’

Urban green space quantity and quality positively impact small-area life expectancy and healthy life expectancy, with potential benefits from reduced stress, increased physical activity, improved microclimate, and reduced air pollution.

The effect of urban green on small-area (healthy) life expectancy

Urban green spaces promote health and wellbeing through their functionality, rather than their physical characteristics, and urban planning should balance health benefits with community needs and functionality.

Value of urban green spaces in promoting healthy living and wellbeing: prospects for planning

Urban green spaces promote healthy living and well-being by reducing urban heat stress, global warming potential gases, and storm water runoff, with potential social consequences.

Urban Green Spaces For Promoting Healthy Living And Wellbeing: Prospects For Housing

Urban green public spaces can improve health and well-being by promoting safe mobility and access to basic ecosystems, contributing to SDG 11 targets.

Public Urban Green Spaces: Combining Goals for Sustainability, Urban Health and Well-being

Urban green spaces with accessible lawns, water bodies, fitness facilities, and open spaces positively impact public health and well-being, while plant density has no significant impact.

Research on public health and well-being associated to the vegetation configuration of urban green space, a case study of Shanghai, China

The impact of urban green spaces on public health and well-being.

These studies suggest urban green spaces generally have beneficial effects on public health and well-being, including lower mortality, improved mood, increased physical activity, and enhanced social cohesion, though more research is needed to understand complex relationships, optimize impacts, and address disparities.