Influence environment
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Influence of Environment on Health, Behavior, and Migration
Environmental Influence on Health
The environment significantly impacts human health, encompassing physical, biological, socio-cultural, and economic factors. Adaptation to the environment is a fundamental biological process, with humans uniquely capable of altering their surroundings to meet their needs. While planned changes like improved housing and sanitation are beneficial, unplanned changes such as pollution and urbanization can be detrimental, and catastrophic events like nuclear fission pose severe risks1.
Genetic and Environmental Interactions
Environmental factors, often perceived as external influences, can be under genetic control. Research involving twins and siblings has shown that childhood environment, social behavior, leisure activities, and life events are not randomly distributed but reflect heritable differences. This suggests a complex interplay between genetics and environment in shaping cognitive abilities and emotional well-being2.
Environmental Perception and Health
Perceptions of the environment, particularly the distinction between urban and natural settings, play a crucial role in health and well-being. People generally prefer natural environments, associating them with restorative and health-promoting qualities. Theories by Kaplan, Kaplan, and Ulrich highlight the evolutionary basis of these preferences, suggesting that natural environments trigger positive psychological and neuro-endocrine responses, which can enhance health3.
Natural Environment and Physical Activity
The availability of natural environments (NE) within living spaces promotes physical activity (PA), which is essential for health. Positive experiences in natural settings can enhance attitudes towards PA and perceived behavioral control, leading to increased engagement in physical activities. However, individual and environmental barriers, such as lack of access or social support, can hinder this process. Policy interventions should focus on ensuring access to natural environments and promoting their use through social campaigns4.
Environmental Change and Migration
Environmental changes significantly influence migration patterns, often overlooked in traditional migration theories. A new framework identifies five drivers of migration decisions: economic, political, social, demographic, and environmental. Environmental changes can directly affect the hazardousness of a place and indirectly influence migration through economic and political factors, such as livelihood changes and resource conflicts. This framework emphasizes the role of human agency and the interplay of various drivers in migration decisions5.
Environmental Influences on Brain Development
Enriching environments with physical, social, and sensory stimuli benefit brain development and aging. Studies on rats have shown that enriched environments increase nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in the hippocampus, contributing to neural plasticity. These findings suggest that environmental inputs can significantly regulate brain development and function throughout life6.
Family Environment and Personality Development
The family environment plays a crucial role in shaping personality traits in children. Factors such as parental participation in child-rearing, socioeconomic status, and child-rearing styles influence traits like extraversion, maturity, and intellect. For instance, overprotection negatively impacts extraversion, while high socioeconomic status and appropriate child-rearing styles positively influence maturity and intellect. These findings highlight the significant impact of family dynamics on personality development7.
Home Environment and Children's Behavior
The home environment is a critical factor in children's physical activity and sedentary behavior. The presence of media equipment is associated with increased sedentary behavior, while physical activity equipment can reduce it. Parental influence and social environment within the home also play significant roles. Interventions that modify the home environment, such as limiting screen time, can effectively reduce sedentary behavior, although more research is needed to understand the broader impacts8.
Social Influence in Technology Adoption
Social influence profoundly affects technology adoption, with multiple definitions and measures contributing to a fragmented understanding. Most research focuses on compliance-based effects, overlooking identification and internalization-based influences. Additionally, studies often target individual-level impacts and non-social technologies, limiting the generalizability of findings. A multi-theoretical approach is needed to understand social influence at the intersection of users, social referents, and technology9.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Organizational Climate
Perceptions of organizational climate are shaped by both genetic and environmental factors. Studies using twin designs have shown significant genetic effects on perceptions of a supportive climate but not on time pressure. Environmental factors significantly influence both supportive climate and time pressure, highlighting the complex interplay between genetics and environment in shaping job attitudes and organizational perceptions10.
Conclusion
The environment profoundly influences various aspects of human life, from health and behavior to migration and organizational perceptions. Understanding the intricate interactions between genetic and environmental factors is crucial for developing effective interventions and policies to enhance well-being and address challenges posed by environmental changes.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Genetic influences on ‘environmental’ factors
Genetic influences significantly influence childhood environment, social environment, leisure time activities, and life events, suggesting they may be partly under genetic control.
Observational StudyThe potential influences of environmental perception on human health
Environmental perception, particularly affective primacy, influences human health and well-being, with people generally preferring natural environments and believing them to be healthy or restorative.
Highly CitedThe impact of the natural environment on the promotion of active living: An integrative systematic review
Natural environments contribute to increased physical activity, but personal characteristics and environmental barriers must be addressed for optimal health promotion.
Systematic Review
Rigorous JournalHighly CitedThe effect of environmental change on human migration
Environmental change influences human migration through ecosystem services and exposure to hazards, with human agency playing a key role in decision-making.
Highly CitedEnvironmental influences on brain neurotrophins in rats
Enriched environments increase nerve growth factor (NGF) gene expression and protein levels in the hippocampus, potentially contributing to environmentally induced neural plasticity in rats.
Highly CitedThe influences of family environment on personality traits
Family environment significantly influences personality traits, with extraversion, maturity, and intellect being more affected by high socioeconomic status and maternal participation in child rearing.
Observational StudyHighly CitedA place for play? The influence of the home physical environment on children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour
The home environment, particularly the role of parents, significantly influences children's sedentary behavior and physical activity levels.
Systematic Review
Very Rigorous JournalHighly CitedSocial influence in technology adoption: taking stock and moving forward
This paper reviews social influence in technology adoption research and suggests an integrated perspective that considers user, social referents, and technology interactions for better generalizability and predictive validity.
Systematic ReviewHighly CitedGenetic and environmental influences on perceptions of organizational climate
Genetic factors significantly influence Supportive Climate, while environmental factors significantly influence Time Pressure, but not job satisfaction.
Observational Study