The interface problem has become the most basic and critical problem of graphene/Al-based composites
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Interface Challenges in Graphene/Aluminum Composites
Introduction to Graphene/Aluminum Composites
Graphene/Aluminum (Al) composites have garnered significant attention due to their potential for high mechanical performance. However, the interface between graphene and the aluminum matrix remains a critical challenge that affects the overall properties of these composites.
Interfacial Properties and Adhesion
The interfacial properties of graphene/Al composites are crucial for their mechanical performance. Studies using first-principles calculations have shown that defective graphene, such as single vacancy defective graphene (SVG), exhibits a higher work of adhesion (Wad) compared to pristine graphene. This is due to the strong hybridization of Al-2p and C-2p orbits, leading to the formation of polar covalent bonds at the interface. The interface spacing also decreases significantly in defective graphene/Al interfaces, enhancing the bonding strength.
Strain Hardening and Mechanical Performance
The interface-induced strain hardening capability is a key mechanism for improving the mechanical properties of graphene/Al composites. Research has demonstrated that graphene nanosheet (GNS) reinforced aluminum composites exhibit improved tensile strength and uniform elongation due to the higher dislocation storage capability at the GNS-Al interfaces. This strain hardening is primarily attributed to forest hardening and back stress hardening mechanisms.
Interfacial Reactions and Carbide Formation
The formation of aluminum carbide (Al4C3) at the graphene/Al interface is a significant factor influencing the composite's properties. The nucleation of Al4C3 typically starts at the open edges of graphene nanosheets due to their high chemical reactivity. The growth of Al4C3 is controlled by diffusional and nucleation growth mechanisms, which can be tailored by adjusting the sintering temperature . Efficient load transfer and enhanced strength have been observed in composites with controlled interfacial reactions, where Al4C3 nanorods ensure strong bonding between the graphene and aluminum matrix.
Interface Modeling and Damage Mechanisms
Advanced modeling techniques, such as the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) combined with the cohesive zone model (CZM), have been employed to study the damage mechanisms in graphene/Al composites. These models reveal that the failure of the graphene-Al interface and the cracking of the metal crystal are primary reasons for the degradation of mechanical properties. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for designing composites with superior performance.
Multilayer Interfaces and Load Transfer
The formation of multilayer interfaces, such as Al/Al2O3/GNPs/Al2O3/Al, has been observed in graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced Al composites. These multilayer structures contribute significantly to the deformability and tensile strength of the composites by facilitating efficient load transfer across the interfaces.
Conclusion
The interface problem in graphene/Al-based composites is indeed a fundamental and critical issue. Addressing this challenge involves understanding and optimizing the interfacial properties, strain hardening mechanisms, interfacial reactions, and damage mechanisms. Continued research and advanced modeling techniques are essential for developing high-performance graphene/Al composites with improved mechanical properties.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
The interface properties of defective graphene on aluminium: A first-principles calculation
Interface-induced strain hardening of graphene nanosheet/aluminum composites
Nucleation and growth mechanisms of interfacial carbide in graphene nanosheet/Al composites
Reaction-free interface promoting strength-ductility balance in graphene nanosheet/Al composites
Modeling damage evolution of graphene/aluminum composites considering crystal cracking and interface failure
Formation of multilayer interfaces and the load transfer in graphene nanoplatelets reinforced Al matrix composites
Interfacial reaction induced efficient load transfer in few-layer graphene reinforced Al matrix composites for high-performance conductor
First-principles Study on Interface of Reduced Graphene Oxide Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
Role of interface on the thermal conductivity of highly filled dielectric epoxy/AlN composites
Covalently bonded interfaces for polymer/graphene composites
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