Emigration decisions in species with discrete generations and polygynous mating depend on a critical threshold density of their own gender, with females and males emigrating depending on resource competition.

Gender-Specific Emigration Decisions Sensitive to Local Male and Female Density

Migration in red-spotted newts is influenced by local density and gender, with females migrating earlier and 64% more developing the migrant phenotype than males.

Sex- and context-dependent migration in a pond-breeding amphibian.

Female migration in China is more efficient and contributes to greater population redistribution than male migration, with women more sensitive to regional differences in economic opportunities.

Gendering Interprovincial Migration in China 1

Gender dimensions of migrations include feminization and masculinization, with both occurrences occurring in single cases of internal migrations.

Gender and Migration

Ravenstein's key finding on gender and internal migration in late 19th-century Europe and North America was flawed due to the higher rate of male migration out of the population.

Gender and the “Laws of Migration”

Local ties to work and family significantly decrease the likelihood of family migration, with the man's work ties being more influential than the woman's, and no significant gender differences in the impact of family ties.

Local Ties and Family Migration

Female migration significantly influences genetic structure in large mammals, with comigration of mother and offspring during gravidity and lactation being the primary cause.

Higher impact of female than male migration on population structure in large mammals

Successful Filipino migrant domestic workers achieve family support by reframing migration as a duty and extension of traditional roles, rather than attempting to "undo" gender.

Negotiating Migration, Performing Gender

This paper highlights the need to consider the complex gendered stratification of global migration, extending analysis beyond productive and reproductive labor, and incorporating female skilled migrants into knowledge economy and society conceptualizations.

Gendered Global Migrations

Gender relations, rather than biology, play a more significant role in shaping migration patterns, influencing who migrates, in what proportions, and with what goals and motives.

Gender and migration

Female migration is driven by job opportunities, wage differentials, and marriage, with marriage being an unavoidable correlate of migration in developing countries.

Female Migration: A Conceptual Framework

Naive first-time migrants, Ruff Philomachus pugnax, respond differently to geomagnetic disturbances, suggesting sex-specificity in their use of magnetic navigational tools.

Naïve migrants and the use of magnetic cues: temporal fluctuations in the geomagnetic field differentially affect male and female Ruff Philomachus pugnax during their first migration

Protandry occurs year-round in long-distance migratory birds, with departure timing and migration duration being the main determinants of sex-biased arrival times in autumn and spring.

A full annual perspective on sex-biased migration timing in long-distance migratory birds

Preferential female migration over short distances minimizes the impact of a generally higher female migration rate in patrilocal communities, suggesting patrilocality influences genetic variation only at short ranges.

Migration distance rather than migration rate explains genetic diversity in human patrilocal groups

Women have always migrated, and this research highlights the need to incorporate a gendered perspective in migration research to better understand migrant experiences and address heteronormative assumptions.

Gender, Sexuality, and Migration

A higher female migration rate in humans explains the lower genetic diversity of the Y chromosome compared to mtDNA and autosomes, affecting geographic patterns and phylogenetic questions.

Genetic evidence for a higher female migration rate in humans

Female skilled migrants play a crucial role in globalization, challenging the subordinate role of female migrants in less skilled sectors and highlighting the need to include them in our analysis of knowledge economies and societies.

Gendered global migrations: diversity and stratification.

Fish can partially migrate to increase fitness, with females dominating migrants and males dominating residents, depending on growth rate and environmental conditions.

Partial migration: niche shift versus sexual maturation in fishes

Agriculture's demographic shift may alter human genetic diversity, with X-linked and autosomal markers potentially providing more robust estimates of sex differences than Y-linked and mitochondrial data.

Sex-biased migration in humans: what should we expect from genetic data?

Barbary macaques migrate to avoid inbreeding, with no reproductive cost, and prefer groups with fewer males of their own age, suggesting that inner migration during fissions is an alternative way to avoid maternal inbreeding.

Male Migration in Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus) at Affenberg Salem

what is the link between being male/female and migration intention.

Some studies suggest that females are more likely to migrate due to resource competition and economic opportunities, while other studies indicate that males also migrate based on gender-specific density thresholds.