Lisinopril 5 mg
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These studies suggest lisinopril 5 mg is effective for heart failure, hypertension, and migraine prevention, with benefits in exercise capacity, quality of life, and blood pressure control, though side effects may limit its use.
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Lisinopril 5 mg: Efficacy, Safety, and Applications
Lisinopril 5 mg for Congestive Heart Failure
Comparison with Enalapril
Lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, has been compared to enalapril in patients with mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure (CHF). Both drugs, administered at doses ranging from 5 to 20 mg once daily, significantly increased exercise duration over a 12-week period. Although there was a trend towards greater improvement with lisinopril, it did not reach statistical significance. Both medications were equally effective in improving heart failure symptoms and were well tolerated, with common side effects including cough, dizziness, and hypotension.
Comparison with Captopril
In another study, lisinopril (5 mg once daily) was compared to captopril (12.5 mg three times daily) in CHF patients. Lisinopril showed a statistically greater increase in exercise duration, particularly in patients with renal impairment. Additionally, lisinopril improved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with significantly reduced function, whereas captopril did not. Both drugs were well tolerated, but lisinopril demonstrated superior efficacy in improving functional capacity and quality of life .
Comparison with Digoxin
Lisinopril (5-20 mg once daily) was also compared to digoxin in CHF patients on diuretic therapy. Lisinopril significantly increased exercise duration more than digoxin after 12 weeks. Both treatments had similar effects on heart failure symptoms and were well tolerated, with no significant differences in adverse events.
Placebo-Controlled Studies
In a placebo-controlled study, lisinopril (5 mg daily) significantly improved clinical parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction and exercise duration, compared to placebo. The study concluded that lisinopril is effective and well tolerated in CHF patients receiving digitalis and diuretics.
Lisinopril 5 mg for Migraine Prophylaxis
An open-label study investigated the efficacy of low-dose lisinopril (5 mg daily) in migraine prevention. The study found a significant reduction in the frequency of migraine attacks and the use of acute migraine medications. However, some patients experienced intolerable side effects, such as cough, which may limit its use.
Lisinopril 5 mg for Hypertension in Elderly Patients
A study on elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension assessed the safety and efficacy of lisinopril starting at 5 mg daily. The treatment effectively controlled blood pressure over 24 hours without significant ECG alterations or major side effects. The study concluded that 5 mg is a safe starting dose for elderly patients not on diuretics.
Hemodynamic Effects in Healthy Volunteers
In healthy volunteers, single doses of lisinopril (5 and 20 mg) were shown to decrease mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance without affecting heart rate or cardiac output. The drug preferentially increased brachial artery flow and diameter, indicating its vasodilatory properties .
Conclusion
Lisinopril 5 mg has demonstrated efficacy in treating congestive heart failure, migraine prophylaxis, and hypertension, particularly in elderly patients. It is generally well tolerated, though some patients may experience side effects such as cough. Its hemodynamic effects include significant vasodilation, which contributes to its therapeutic benefits. Overall, lisinopril 5 mg is a versatile and effective medication for various cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions.
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