List of sglt2 inhibitors
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Comprehensive List of SGLT2 Inhibitors
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of medications primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes by promoting the excretion of glucose through urine. These drugs have also shown significant benefits for cardiovascular and renal health. Below is a detailed overview of the key SGLT2 inhibitors currently available, along with their clinical implications.
Key SGLT2 Inhibitors
Empagliflozin
Empagliflozin, marketed under the brand name Jardiance, is one of the most well-studied SGLT2 inhibitors. It has demonstrated substantial benefits in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, and progression of renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes1 3 5.
Canagliflozin
Canagliflozin, known commercially as Invokana, has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and delay the onset of dialysis in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it has also been associated with an increased risk of lower limb amputations and other adverse events1 3 7 9.
Dapagliflozin
Dapagliflozin, sold under the brand name Farxiga, is another prominent SGLT2 inhibitor. It has been effective in reducing the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and progression of renal disease, regardless of the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease1 3 5.
Ertugliflozin
Ertugliflozin, marketed as Steglatro, is a newer addition to the SGLT2 inhibitor class. It has shown similar benefits in glycemic control, weight loss, and cardiovascular protection as other SGLT2 inhibitors7.
Clinical Benefits and Risks
Cardiovascular and Renal Benefits
SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant benefits in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, and progression of renal disease. These benefits are consistent across various patient subgroups, including those with and without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease1 3 5.
Risk of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
One of the notable risks associated with SGLT2 inhibitors is the potential for diabetic ketoacidosis, particularly when used in combination with insulin. This risk necessitates careful patient selection and monitoring2 6 8.
Other Adverse Events
SGLT2 inhibitors have been linked to an increased risk of urinary tract and genital infections, as well as other adverse events such as lower limb amputations and acute kidney injury. These risks highlight the importance of individualized patient care and monitoring6 7 9.
Conclusion
SGLT2 inhibitors, including empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and ertugliflozin, offer significant benefits for managing type 2 diabetes and reducing cardiovascular and renal risks. However, their use must be carefully balanced against potential adverse events, necessitating thorough patient evaluation and monitoring.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce the risk of dialysis, transplantation, or death due to kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, with consistent benefits across studies.
Meta-Analysis
Highly CitedSGLT2 Inhibitors May Predispose to Ketoacidosis.
SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis through multiple biological mechanisms.
Systematic Review
Rigorous JournalHighly CitedSGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials
SGLT2 inhibitors have robust benefits on reducing hospitalization for heart failure and progression of renal disease in type 2 diabetes patients, regardless of existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or a history of heart failure.
Meta-AnalysisRigorous JournalHighly CitedDevelopment of SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors have become a mainstay in treating type 2 diabetes and have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and kidneys, with their development influenced by genetics, genetically modified mouse models, and mathematical modeling.
Very Rigorous JournalHighly CitedSGLT2 Inhibitors: The Next Blockbuster Multifaceted Drug?
SGLT2 inhibitors show potential benefits for reducing cardiovascular events and delaying dialysis onset in renal diseases, making them a multifaceted drug with rapid adoption in diabetes, cardiovascular, and renal guidelines.
Systematic ReviewRecommendations on the Proper Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors
The Committee on the Proper Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors updates its Recommendations to promote the proper use of SGLT2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes treatment, considering potential adverse reactions and emergency measures for patients with type 1 diabetes.
Rigorous JournalSGLT2 Inhibitors: A Review of Their Antidiabetic and Cardioprotective Effects
SGLT2 inhibitors effectively reduce blood sugar levels and have cardioprotective effects, but may cause urinary tract and genital infections and other side effects.
Rigorous JournalHighly CitedSafety and efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
SGLT2 inhibitors show potential in reducing HbA1c, body weight, and total daily insulin dose in type 1 diabetes patients without significantly affecting adverse events.
Meta-AnalysisComparative effectiveness of canagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors and non‐SGLT2 inhibitors on the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real‐world meta‐analysis of 4 observational databases (OBSERVE‐4D)
Canagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors, and non-SGLT2 inhibitors are comparable in reducing hospitalization for heart failure and amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Meta-AnalysisRigorous JournalHighly Cited