Losartan side effects
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Losartan Side Effects: A Comprehensive Overview
Common Side Effects of Losartan
Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is widely used to manage hypertension and related conditions. Clinical trials have identified several common side effects associated with its use. The most frequently reported adverse events include headache, upper respiratory tract infection, dizziness, and fatigue . These side effects are generally mild and transient, with dizziness being the only symptom occurring more frequently in losartan-treated groups compared to placebo.
Rare and Severe Side Effects
While losartan is generally well-tolerated, there are rare but severe side effects that have been documented. One notable case involved a patient with Parkinson's disease who experienced a significant worsening of parkinsonism symptoms, including severe bradykinesia and frequent freezing episodes, upon taking losartan. These symptoms improved rapidly after discontinuing the drug, suggesting a probable adverse effect of losartan on dopaminergic release.
Metabolic and Biochemical Effects
Losartan has been shown to be metabolically neutral, with no significant adverse effects on insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, or lipid metabolism. Additionally, it does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of other drugs such as digoxin, indicating a low potential for drug-drug interactions. However, long-term use in renal transplant recipients has been associated with a significant reduction in hemoglobin levels, although it effectively reduces proteinuria and maintains stable graft function.
Impact on Cardiovascular Health
Losartan is effective in managing hypertension and has a favorable safety profile in patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is well-tolerated and does not cause first-dose hypotension or rebound hypertension upon discontinuation. However, it is important to monitor for hyperkalemia and anemia, which are among the more serious side effects reported.
Conclusion
Losartan is a widely used antihypertensive agent with a generally favorable safety profile. Common side effects are mild and transient, but rare severe side effects, such as worsening of parkinsonism, have been reported. It is metabolically neutral and does not significantly interact with other medications. Long-term use requires monitoring for potential reductions in hemoglobin levels and other serious side effects. Overall, losartan remains a valuable option for managing hypertension and related conditions, provided that patients are closely monitored for adverse effects.
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