Lupin drugs
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers for "lupin drugs"
Lupin Drugs: Efficacy, Safety, and Health Implications
Lupin's Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Efficacy and Safety Comparison with Lucentis®
Lupin's biosimilar ranibizumab has been evaluated for its efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A phase-III study involving 202 patients compared Lupin's ranibizumab with Lucentis® over a three-month period. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who lost fewer than 15 letters in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results indicated that the efficacy of Lupin's ranibizumab was comparable to Lucentis®, with a difference within the predefined equivalence margin.
Safety and Immunogenicity
The safety profile of Lupin's ranibizumab was also comparable to Lucentis®, with similar incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events. Notably, the immunogenicity incidence, measured by the presence of anti-drug antibodies, was lower in patients treated with Lupin's ranibizumab (4.95%) compared to those treated with Lucentis® (12.87%).
Anthelmintic Potential of Lupin Seeds
Alkaloid Content and Anthelmintic Activity
Lupin seeds have shown potential anthelmintic activity due to their alkaloid content. In vitro studies demonstrated that lupin seed extracts could moderately inhibit larval migration of parasitic nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta. This effect was attributed to the presence of lupanine and sparteine derivatives, which act antagonistically on nematode acetylcholine receptors.
In Vivo Efficacy
However, in vivo trials with lupin-fed ewes and goats did not show a direct anthelmintic effect. Despite this, lupin-fed goats experienced significantly less parasite-mediated blood loss, suggesting some indirect benefits.
Health Benefits of Lupin Consumption
Systematic Review of Health Outcomes
A systematic review of 21 studies involving 998 participants assessed the health benefits of lupin consumption. The review found that whole lupin, lupin protein, and lupin fiber could positively impact various health markers. Specifically, 71% of studies reported beneficial changes in blood pressure, 83% in satiety, and 64% in serum lipids. Whole lupin was particularly effective in improving satiety, glycemic control, and blood pressure.
Cholesterol-Lowering Effects
Lupin peptides have been shown to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by up-regulating the LDL receptor/sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) pathway. This mechanism involves the activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways, leading to increased LDL uptake in HepG2 cells.
Phytotoxicity of Levofloxacin on Lupin Seedlings
Impact on Plant Growth and Protein Profile
Levofloxacin, an antibiotic, has been found to be phytotoxic to yellow lupin plants. The drug significantly affected the activity of antioxidative enzymes and altered the protein profile of lupin seedlings. Key proteins such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase decreased, while others like enolase and ascorbate peroxidase increased, indicating a stress response.
Toxicological Assessment of Lupin Alkaloids
Effects on Rats
A 90-day feeding study on rats evaluated the toxicological effects of lupin alkaloids. Rats fed with lupin flour spiked with varying concentrations of alkaloids showed dose-related reductions in red blood cell count, hematocrit, and mean cell volume. Additionally, increased liver weights and altered liver parenchymal cells were observed, suggesting potential hepatotoxicity at higher doses.
Conclusion
Lupin drugs and derivatives exhibit a range of therapeutic and health benefits, from treating AMD to lowering cholesterol and providing nutritional advantages. However, their phytotoxic and toxicological effects warrant careful consideration in both agricultural and medical applications. Further research is needed to fully understand and optimize the use of lupin-based treatments and nutraceuticals.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic