Manganese supplement
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The Role and Impact of Manganese Supplementation in Animal and Human Health
Manganese Supplementation in Animal Diets
Growth Performance and Health in Rex Rabbits
Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. In a study on Rex rabbits, dietary manganese supplementation was found to significantly improve average daily gains (ADG) and the ratio of feed to body weight gain (F/G) at an optimal level of 20 mg/kg . Additionally, this level of supplementation enhanced nitrogen utilization and biological potency, while reducing nitrogen emissions, indicating both health and environmental benefits .
Insulin Secretion and Glucose Tolerance in Mice
Manganese supplementation has also shown promising results in enhancing insulin secretion and improving glucose tolerance in mice. In a study involving wild-type mice, manganese supplementation increased hepatic MnSOD activity and metallation, leading to improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion under dietary stress conditions . This suggests that manganese could be beneficial in managing diet-induced diabetes by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress .
Eggshell Quality in Laying Hens
In laying hens, manganese supplementation, whether in organic or inorganic form, was found to increase the density of mammillary knobs in eggshells, which are crucial for shell strength. This improvement was linked to increased expression of genes involved in protein glycosylation and glycan metabolism in the eggshell gland . Thus, manganese plays a vital role in enhancing eggshell quality, which is important for the poultry industry.
Meat Quality and Antioxidant Activity in Pekin Ducks
Manganese supplementation in Pekin ducks was observed to improve meat quality by increasing intramuscular fat and reducing drip loss and shear force of the breast meat. Additionally, it enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis . These findings highlight manganese's role in improving both the nutritional and sensory qualities of meat.
Nutrient Absorption and Immune Response in Turkeys
In turkeys, reducing manganese supplementation from the recommended 100 mg/kg to 50 or 10 mg/kg did not negatively affect growth performance. However, it did improve the ileal digestibility of manganese and decreased the accumulation of copper in the liver and breast muscle. Interestingly, lower manganese levels stimulated the immune system without increasing oxidative stress . This suggests that the recommended manganese levels in turkey diets could be reduced without compromising health.
Manganese Supplementation in Human Health
Cholesterol Levels in Ca-Deficient Ovariectomized Rats
In a study on Ca-deficient ovariectomized rats, manganese supplementation was found to reduce serum cholesterol levels and improve liver function. This indicates that manganese could play a role in managing cholesterol levels, particularly in conditions of calcium deficiency .
Manganese Toxicity in Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition
While manganese is essential, excessive supplementation can lead to toxicity, particularly in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). High blood manganese levels have been associated with cholestasis and neurological disorders in children on long-term PN. Reducing or withdrawing manganese supplements in these patients led to significant improvements in liver function and reductions in blood manganese levels Fell1996Hardy2008. This underscores the need for careful monitoring and individualized manganese supplementation in clinical settings.
Conclusion
Manganese supplementation has diverse and significant effects on growth performance, health, and metabolic functions across various animal species and in specific human health conditions. While it offers numerous benefits, such as improved growth, enhanced insulin secretion, better meat quality, and reduced cholesterol levels, it is crucial to balance supplementation to avoid potential toxicity. Further research and careful monitoring are essential to optimize manganese supplementation for health benefits while minimizing risks.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Effects of manganese-supplemented diets on growth performance, blood biochemistry, nitrogen metabolism and skeletal development of rex rabbits.
Optimal manganese supplementation in growing Rex rabbits' diets is 20 mg/kg, improving growth performance and reducing nitrogen emissions without significantly affecting bone strength.
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Manganese supplementation protects against diet-induced diabetes in wild type mice by enhancing insulin secretion.
Manganese supplementation can increase insulin secretion and improve glucose tolerance in mice under dietary stress conditions, potentially protecting against diet-induced diabetes.
Dietary manganese source does not affect Mn, Zn and Cu tissue deposition and the activity of manganese-containing enzymes in lambs.
Feed supplementation with manganese from either inorganic or organic sources does not affect tissue deposition or enzyme activity in lambs, but may decrease plasma copper concentration.
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