How is mononucleosis treated?

Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono, is a viral infection that typically resolves on its own, but complications and severe manifestations can necessitate treatment strategies.

Key insights from the research papers include:

Antiviral agents such as acyclovir and valacyclovir may be beneficial in treating infectious mononucleosis with complications.
Steroids like prednisolone are used for their anti-inflammatory effects to control symptoms, although there is insufficient evidence to support their efficacy and concerns about side effects and long-term complications remain.
Famciclovir has been reported to successfully treat severe acute infectious mononucleosis, suggesting a potential therapeutic role that requires further study.
Chloroquine phosphate has been evaluated for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis using a double-blind technique, but the efficacy remains unclear due to the lack of suitable controls in most instances.
Cortisone and other steroids have been used in cases with significant neurological involvement, with some reports of dramatic improvement.
A combination of acyclovir and prednisolone did not significantly affect the duration of clinical symptoms or the development of EBV-specific cellular immunity, despite inhibiting oropharyngeal EBV replication.
Liposomal amphotericin B has been used successfully to treat complications such as aplastic anemia, mucormycosis, and aspergillosis during the course of infectious mononucleosis.
Interferon-Alpha treatment in children with infectious mononucleosis has been reported to shorten the recovery course of fever, angina, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Antibiotic administration can relieve long-lasting, painful disease in patients with infectious mononucleosis who develop peritonsillar abscess.
Metronidazole and clindamycin have been observed to have a favorable effect on the course of anginose infectious mononucleosis, with a significant reduction in symptoms compared to controls.

In conclusion, the treatment of infectious mononucleosis varies depending on the severity and complications of the disease. Antiviral agents and steroids are commonly used, but their efficacy and safety are not conclusively established and require further research. Other treatments such as famciclovir, chloroquine, and liposomal amphotericin B have been explored with some success in severe cases or complications. Additionally, antibiotics may be beneficial for symptom relief in specific scenarios such as peritonsillar abscess. Interferon-Alpha and metronidazole have also shown promise in reducing the duration and severity of symptoms. Overall, the treatment of infectious mononucleosis is tailored to the individual patient's needs, and more research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols.

How is mononucleosis treated?

Summary

Sources and full results

Current diagnosis and management of infectious mononucleosis

RT-PCR and EBV-VL measurements may aid in early diagnosis, and antiviral agents may be useful treatments for severe infectious mononucleosis.

Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis.

Steroids show potential for short-term symptom control in infectious mononucleosis, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

Treatment of severe infectious mononucleosis with famciclovir.

Famciclovir effectively treated severe infectious mononucleosis in a 15-year-old boy, reducing lymphadenopathy, enlarged tonsils, and hepatosplenomegaly.

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS TREATED WITH CHLOROQUINE: A DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY OF 25 CASES.

Chloroquine phosphate treatment significantly improved symptoms and fever in 25 patients with infectious mononucleosis compared to placebo in a double-blind study.

Meningoencephalitis in infectious mononucleosis; report of a case treated with cortisone.

Meningoencephalitis in infectious mononucleosis, a rare but potentially fatal neurological complication, was significantly improved after cortisone therapy.

Acyclovir and prednisolone treatment of acute infectious mononucleosis: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Acyclovir combined with prednisolone effectively inhibited oropharyngeal Epstein-Barr virus replication in infectious mononucleosis patients without affecting clinical symptoms or developing EBV-specific cellular immunity.

Aplastic anemia, mucormycosis and aspergillosis in infectious mononucleosis: success is possible.

Liposomal amphotericin B can successfully treat complications of aplastic anemia, mucormycosis, and aspergillosis in infectious mononucleosis patients.

[Curative effect of Interfon-Alpha in children with infectious mononucleosis].

Interfon-Alpha treatment in children with infectious mononucleosis may shorten the recovery course and be effective against EBV activity.

Peritonsillar Abscess Associated with Infectious Mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis patients with peritonsillar abscess may need surgical treatment, but hospitalization time is longer in these patients.

Treatment of anginose infectious mononucleosis with metronidazole.

Metronidazole treatment effectively normalizes body temperature, relieves tonsillitis, and reduces cervical lymph node size in anginose infectious mononucleosis patients, with similar results when using clindamycin.

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