How much Vitamin K (Phylloquinone and Menaquinones) should I take daily?

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins that regulate blood coagulation and bone metabolism, with phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (vitamin K2) being the primary forms . The recommended daily intake of vitamin K varies based on age, dietary habits, and physiological conditions.

An adult daily intake of about 100 micrograms of phylloquinone is recommended for the maintenance of hemostasis.
Young adults typically consume around 80 micrograms of phylloquinone per day, while older adults consume approximately 150 micrograms per day.
The Adequate Intake (AI) of phylloquinone is set at 1 microgram per kilogram of body weight per day.
Maximum limits for vitamin K in food supplements have been evaluated, with 100 to 800 micrograms per day considered, depending on age and health status.

In conclusion, the daily intake of vitamin K should be around 100 micrograms for adults to maintain proper blood coagulation, with variations depending on individual dietary intake and specific health needs. While there is no established upper limit for vitamin K due to insufficient evidence of toxicity, care should be taken when consuming vitamin K supplements, especially for those on anticoagulant medications.

How much Vitamin K (Phylloquinone and Menaquinones) should I take daily?

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Vitamin K in parenteral nutrition.

Vitamin K is essential for maintaining hemostasis and bone health in hospitalized patients, with supplemental daily doses of 150 micrograms recommended for prevention.

Dietary intake and adequacy of vitamin K.

The current recommended dietary allowance for vitamin K is 1 microg/kg, but current intake is low, with most of the vitamin obtained from leafy green vegetables and four vegetable oils.

Assessment of Dietary Intake of Vitamin K and Maximum Limits for Vitamin K in Food Supplements

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment has recommended a maximum intake of 200 g/day for vitamin K in food supplements, based on the current dietary intake and the lack of established safe upper levels.

Age and dietary form of vitamin K affect menaquinone-4 concentrations in male Fischer 344 rats.

Dihydrophylloquinone, a different dietary form of vitamin K, leads to less menaquinone-4 in certain tissues, potentially aiding in studying tissue-specific vitamin K deficiency.

Dietary reference values for vitamin K

The EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies maintains the 1993 Scientific Committee for Food reference value for phylloquinone, setting adequate intakes for adults, infants, and children based on their age and sex.

Vitamin K2 supplementation in haemodialysis patients: a randomized dose-finding study.

Menaquinone supplementation dose-dependently reduces inactive MGP levels in chronic haemodialysis patients, potentially preventing vascular calcifications.

Vitamin K Treatment Reduces Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin but Does Not Alter Bone Turnover, Density, or Geometry in Healthy Postmenopausal North American Women

Vitamin K supplementation does not play a role in osteoporosis prevention in healthy postmenopausal North American women receiving calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone) status in newborns during the first week of life.

Newborn infants with high fecal concentrations of vitamin K1 and significant amounts of fecal menaquinones have a higher need for prophylactic vitamin K1 than those with low fecal concentrations.

Effects of dietary vitamin K on survival, growth, and tissue concentrations of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4) for juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino.

A 10-mg MSBkg(-1) diet is sufficient to maintain steady-state tissue concentrations in juvenile abalone, with no significant effect on survival or carcass composition.

Conversion of Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) into Menaquinone-4 (Vitamin K2) in Mice

Phylloquinone intake in mice leads to the conversion into menaquinone-4, which accumulates in the cerebrum through two routes: release of menadione in the intestine and cleavage and prenylation within the cerebrum.

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