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These studies suggest that multivitamins are generally safe for long-term use with minor adverse effects and no increase in mortality, though their effectiveness in preventing specific diseases varies.
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Multivitamins are widely used dietary supplements intended to provide essential vitamins and minerals that may not be consumed in sufficient quantities through diet alone. Their safety, particularly for long-term use, is a common concern among users and healthcare providers. This synthesis evaluates the safety of multivitamin use based on findings from multiple research studies.
General Safety and Minor Adverse Effects:
Mortality and Chronic Disease:
Specific Populations:
High-Dose Multivitamins:
Animal Studies:
The collective evidence from multiple studies suggests that multivitamins are generally safe for long-term use when taken within the recommended dietary allowances. They do not significantly increase mortality or prevent chronic diseases. Minor adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, may occur but are not severe. Specific populations, such as pregnant women and the elderly, can safely use multivitamins with appropriate recommendations. High-dose multivitamins do not show significant benefits in reducing cardiovascular events but are not harmful. Overall, multivitamins can be considered safe for most individuals when used as directed.
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