Is Mushroom Extracts safe?
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Safety of Mushroom Extracts: A Comprehensive Review
Introduction to Mushroom Extracts and Their Uses
Mushrooms have been used for centuries in culinary dishes and traditional medicine. Recently, their extracts have gained popularity as dietary supplements and cosmeceutical ingredients due to their potential health benefits. However, the safety of these extracts remains a critical concern that needs thorough evaluation.
General Safety of Mushroom Extracts
Human Consumption and Clinical Trials
Several studies have indicated that mushroom extracts are generally well-tolerated in humans with few side effects. These side effects are usually mild and reversible upon discontinuation of the extract1 6. Despite their widespread use, there is a lack of extensive human trials to conclusively determine their safety and efficacy1 6.
In Vitro and Animal Studies
In vitro studies using keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines have shown that mushroom extracts do not exhibit toxicity, suggesting their safety for use in cosmeceutical products2. Additionally, animal studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits of mushrooms, although these findings need to be validated in human trials1 7.
Specific Safety Concerns
Toxicological Evaluations
Modern techniques such as ITS barcoding and UHPLC-PDA-ELS-HRMS have been employed to evaluate the safety of non-culinary fungi. These methods help identify potential toxic metabolites and ensure the extracts' safety for human consumption4. However, the presence of heavy metals and radioactive contaminants in some mushrooms necessitates further toxicological studies8.
Cardiovascular Safety
Studies on Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens, commonly known as magic mushrooms, have shown that their extracts do not exacerbate pathological hypertrophy or cell injury in cardiomyocytes. This suggests that these mushrooms can be safely used under controlled conditions, although caution is advised at higher concentrations7.
Potential Health Benefits and Risks
Immunomodulatory and Antitumor Effects
Mushroom extracts have been shown to possess immunomodulatory and antitumor properties, primarily due to their polysaccharide content. These compounds can enhance cellular immunity and potentially offer health benefits6 10. However, the lack of extensive human trials means that these benefits should be interpreted cautiously8.
Cosmeceutical Applications
Mushroom extracts have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, making them promising ingredients in skincare products. However, challenges such as extraction optimization and controlled release need to be addressed to ensure their efficacy and safety3.
Conclusion
While mushroom extracts appear to be generally safe and offer potential health benefits, the current evidence is insufficient to fully endorse their widespread use. More well-designed human trials and toxicological studies are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy. Until then, consumers should use these extracts cautiously and be aware of potential side effects.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
A review of mushrooms in human nutrition and health
Mushrooms are safe for human use, but more well-designed trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and potential health benefits.
Literature ReviewMushroom ethanolic extracts as cosmeceuticals ingredients: Safety and ex vivo skin permeation studies.
Mushroom ethanolic extracts are safe and effective as skin care ingredients, with protocatechuic and syringic acids showing the highest skin penetration.
In Vitro StudyRole of bioactive compounds and other metabolites from mushrooms against skin disorders- a systematic review assessing their cosmeceutical and nutricosmetic outcomes.
Mushroom extracts and their metabolites show promising potential as cosmeceutical and nutricosmetic ingredients, offering anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and photoprotective properties, but long-term studies are needed for major breakthroughs.
Systematic ReviewSafety assessment of mushrooms in dietary supplements by combining analytical data with in silico toxicology evaluation.
This study developed a multifaceted approach to evaluate the safety of non-culinary fungi for human consumption, potentially replacing conventional toxicological animal studies.
Are mushrooms medicinal?
Medicinal mushrooms have potential pharmacological properties, but more controlled experiments and clinical trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness and potential harm.
The role of edible mushrooms in health: Evaluation of the evidence
Edible mushrooms show potential health benefits, including immune modulation and anti-tumor effects, due to their polysaccharide content, which enhances cellular immunity through T helper cell balance and interleukins.
Literature Review
Highly CitedEffects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts on endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy and cell injury in cardiomyocytes
Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts do not aggravate endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy and protect against TNF--induced cell injury in cardiomyocytes, supporting their medicinal safe use under controlled conditions.
In Vitro Study
Rigorous JournalMushrooms, Tumors, and Immunity: An Update
Mushroom extracts show potential in enhancing immune function and promoting health, but further evidence-based research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness in oral administration to animals and humans.
Literature ReviewHighly CitedAdvances in the Role and Mechanisms of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts as Natural Preservatives to Extend the Postharvest Shelf Life of Edible Mushrooms
Essential oils and plant extracts can extend the postharvest shelf life of edible mushrooms, improving their quality and reducing microbial populations.
Treasures from the forest: Evaluation of mushroom extracts as anti-cancer agents.
Mushroom extracts from 92 species can reduce the viability of 38 different cancers, with breast cancer being the most sensitive, through inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, improved immune response, and inducing apoptosis.
Literature ReviewRigorous JournalTry another search
Do open carry laws increase violence?
What are the scientific principles behind effective weight loss and body composition changes?
What are the implications of ocean acidification for marine ecosystems?
The potential of gene drives in controlling invasive species and disease vectors.
How can mental training techniques improve physical performance and psychological well-being?
does iq drop with age