Nicotine spray side effects
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Side Effects of Nicotine Nasal Spray
Introduction to Nicotine Nasal Spray
Nicotine nasal spray is a form of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) designed to help individuals quit smoking by delivering nicotine rapidly through the nasal mucosa. While it can be effective in reducing withdrawal symptoms and aiding smoking cessation, it is associated with several side effects.
Common Irritant Side Effects
Nasal and Throat Irritation
One of the most frequently reported side effects of nicotine nasal spray is irritation of the nasal passages and throat. Users often experience symptoms such as a runny nose, nasal irritation, throat irritation, sneezing, and watering eyes, especially during the initial days of use . These irritant effects tend to decrease significantly within the first week of treatment.
Nasal Congestion and Changes in Smell and Taste
Nasal congestion and alterations in the sense of smell and taste are also common among users of nicotine nasal spray. These side effects can be bothersome but are generally not severe enough to warrant discontinuation of the spray.
Systemic Side Effects
Insomnia and Dry Mouth
Systemic side effects such as insomnia and dry mouth have been reported by users of nicotine nasal spray. These effects are typically mild to moderate in severity and can be managed with appropriate measures.
Shakiness and Allergic Reactions
Some users may experience shakiness and allergic reactions, including skin rashes, itching, and hives. Although these reactions are relatively rare, they can be more severe and may require medical attention.
Seizures
In very rare cases, nicotine nasal spray can cause seizures involving convulsions and loss of consciousness, occurring in approximately 1 in 1,000 users. This serious side effect necessitates immediate discontinuation of the spray and medical intervention.
Psychological and Subjective Effects
Craving Reduction and Mood Changes
Nicotine nasal spray has been shown to reduce cravings for cigarettes and alleviate withdrawal symptoms, which can contribute to its effectiveness in smoking cessation . However, it can also lead to mood changes, such as increased tension and jitteriness, and decreased relaxation.
Placebo Effects
Interestingly, the subjective effects of nicotine nasal spray can be influenced by users' beliefs about the nicotine content. Studies have shown that individuals who believe they are receiving nicotine report greater satisfaction and reduced cravings, even when the spray contains no nicotine.
Conclusion
Nicotine nasal spray is an effective tool for smoking cessation, offering rapid nicotine delivery and significant reduction in withdrawal symptoms. However, it is associated with a range of side effects, primarily involving nasal and throat irritation, systemic effects like insomnia and dry mouth, and rare but serious reactions such as seizures. Despite these side effects, many users continue to use the spray due to its efficacy in reducing cravings and supporting smoking cessation efforts.
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