Non malignant
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that non-malignant tumors, such as meningioma, have higher survival rates and can be effectively treated with various therapies, while symptom burden can be similar to malignant diseases.
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Understanding Non-Malignant Tumors: Incidence, Treatment, and Symptom Burden
Incidence and Demographics of Non-Malignant Brain Tumors
Non-malignant brain tumors are a significant health concern, with an incidence rate of 17.9 per 100,000 people in the United States. The most common types of non-malignant brain tumors in adults are low-grade gliomas and benign meningiomas. Low-grade gliomas are slow-growing tumors originating from glial cells, while meningiomas grow attached to dural surfaces outside the brain. The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) reports that the average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) for non-malignant brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors was 16.71 per 100,000 population between 2013 and 2017, and 17.69 per 100,000 between 2015 and 2019 . These rates were higher in females compared to males and in non-Hispanic persons compared to Hispanic persons .
Treatment Approaches for Non-Malignant Brain Tumors
Treatment for non-malignant brain tumors focuses on reducing tumor burden, controlling seizures, and preventing malignant transformation while preserving neurological function. Surgical resection is a critical component, with techniques such as neuronavigation, functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and direct stimulation mapping being employed to maximize safe resection and preserve neurological function. Radiotherapy is often used post-surgery to improve progression-free survival, especially in cases of recurrent tumors or residual disease. Additionally, targeted chemotherapeutic agents are being investigated to inhibit specific pathways necessary for tumor growth.
Symptom Burden in Non-Malignant Diseases
Patients with non-malignant diseases, including non-malignant brain tumors, often experience a symptom burden comparable to those with malignant conditions. A study comparing symptom burden in patients admitted to a palliative care unit found that those with non-malignant diseases were older, more functionally impaired, and more likely to be in a deteriorating or terminal phase compared to those with malignant diseases. However, after adjusting for confounders, the disease category was not a significant predictor of symptom burden, indicating that the symptom burden was similar between the two groups.
Non-Malignant Blood Diseases and Treatment Challenges
Non-malignant blood diseases, such as bone marrow failure disorders, immune dysregulation disorders, and hemoglobinopathies, also pose significant health challenges. These conditions often lead to shortened lifespans and poor quality of life. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation can cure many of these diseases, but it is often underutilized due to perceived insufficient efficacy and/or excess toxicity. The Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network has identified the need for clinical trials to improve outcomes for patients with non-malignant blood diseases.
Conclusion
Non-malignant tumors, whether in the brain or blood, present significant health challenges due to their incidence, treatment complexities, and symptom burden. While surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions are critical for managing non-malignant brain tumors, there is a need for ongoing research and clinical trials to improve treatment outcomes for non-malignant blood diseases. Understanding and addressing the symptom burden in non-malignant conditions is essential for improving the quality of life for affected patients.
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