Plant-derived nootropics like Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monnieri, Ashwagandha, and caffeine show potential in improving human cognition, but more research is needed.

Plant-derived nootropics and human cognition: A systematic review

Plant-based nootropics, such as Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Withania somnifera, can improve cognitive abilities and have potential therapeutic benefits for cognitive disorders.

Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers

Nootropic drugs can enhance mental performance, but some may cause sudden psychiatric exacerbations in stable patients, highlighting the need for early identification and proper treatment.

Nootropics: Emergents drugs associated with new clinical challenges

Nootropics are drugs that enhance cognition in patients with various disorders, and their classification into 18 categories based on their mechanism(s) of action is proposed.

Cognitive enhancers (nootropics). Part 1: drugs interacting with receptors.

Nootropics, also known as "smart drugs," improve human thinking, learning, and memory, with diverse effects and potential side effects.

Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs

Nootropics, which enhance cognition, have evolved over the last 25 years, with a focus on drugs interacting with enzymes and neurotransmitters.

Cognitive enhancers (nootropics). Part 2: drugs interacting with enzymes.

Nootropics, which enhance cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, stroke, ADD/ADHD, or aging, can be classified into 19 categories based on their mechanism(s) of action, structure, or origin.

Cognitive enhancers (nootropics). Part 3: drugs interacting with targets other than receptors or enzymes. disease-modifying drugs.

Nootropics, a diverse group of compounds, show promise in enhancing learning and memory, potentially improving cognitive impairments and promoting brain health.

Towards better brain management: nootropics.

Nootropics with cholinergic activity may be effective in strengthening and enhancing cognitive performance in patients with various pathologies.

Effectiveness of nootropic drugs with cholinergic activity in treatment of cognitive deficit: a review

Nootropics show therapeutic results in some patients, while psychostimulants and analeptics show limited efficacy and no clear evidence for their general efficacy in treating organic mental disorders.

Psychostimulants, analeptics, nootropics: an attempt to differentiate and assess drugs designed for the treatment of impaired brain functions.

Natural nootropics like Ginkgo biloba enhance cognitive performance through dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways, potentially benefiting memory disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases.

Establishing Natural Nootropics: Recent Molecular Enhancement Influenced by Natural Nootropic

Many popular nootropic dietary supplements contain unauthorized ingredients, posing potential health risks and doping potential.

Unauthorized ingredients in "nootropic" dietary supplements: A review of the history, pharmacology, prevalence, international regulations, and potential as doping agents.

Nootropics show potential in improving memory, concentration, and cognition in dementia patients, potentially stabilizing adaptive capacity and protecting against pathological influences.

Proof of Efficacy of Nootropics for the Indication "Dementia" (Phase III) - Recommendations*

Nootropics improve cognitive function and are well-tolerated in treating various disorders, but their use in healthy individuals remains controversial due to lack of evidence and social consequences.

NOOTROPICS: A LONG WAY IN HALF A CENTURY

Nootropic drugs can enhance mental performance and have neuroprotective effects, but some may cause sudden psychiatric exacerbations in stable patients.

Cholinesterase inhibitor and nootropic combination may improve cognitive function in mild-to-moderate dementia patients, with choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract showing more significant improvements in Alzheimer's dementia.

Effectiveness of Nootropics in Combination with Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Function in Mild-to-Moderate Dementia: A Study Using Real-World Data

Nootropics show promise in reducing cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease research, suggesting they may be a promising treatment option.

The use of nootropics in Alzheimer’s disease: is there light at the end of the tunnel?

Nootropic drugs, often misused as 'brain doping' substances, are often found in wastewater and drinking water, highlighting the need for improved regulatory frameworks and ecotoxicity risk assessment.

Nootropic drugs: Methylphenidate, modafinil and piracetam - Population use trends, occurrence in the environment, ecotoxicity and removal methods - A review.

Nootropics improve memory, intelligence, motivation, attention, and concentration, and may treat neurodegenerative diseases.

A REVIEW ON NOOTROPICS

Nootropics in sports show potential for enhancing cognitive function, but also pose safety, fairness, and abuse challenges.

ENHANCING ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE: EXPLORING THE WORLD OF NOOTROPICS IN SPORTS

These studies suggest that nootropics, including plant-derived compounds and drugs, show potential in improving cognition and treating cognitive disorders, but more research is needed to fully understand their efficacy and safety.