Human activities, such as climate change and land use, can significantly impact the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in lakes across the globe.

A global census of lake nutrients

Both nitrogen and phosphorus control are crucial for managing eutrophication in streams, as both nutrients significantly influence benthic chlorophyll levels and influence both autotrophic and heterotrophic processes.

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in streams

Sediments play a crucial role in understanding nutrient cycling in lakes, influencing water quality and water management strategies.

Importance of sediments in understanding nutrient cyclings in lakes

Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) contributes to nutrient loads in lakes, fueling eutrophication, and its determination is crucial for effective lake management.

Groundwater – the disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets. Part 2: effects of groundwater on nutrients

Extreme nutrient regimes in lakes can produce novel relationships between phytoplankton and nutrients, potentially leading to water quality degradation.

Relationship of chlorophyll to phosphorus and nitrogen in nutrient-rich lakes

A general strategy promoting permanent recovery of lake ecosystems, including sediments, is needed to address phosphorus pollution and promote long-term water quality improvement.

Sediment nutrients, ecological status and restoration of lakes.

Precipitation is the main nutrient source in an inlet-less lake, but ground water inflow and outflow play a more important role in the nutrient balance.

Where do nutrients in an inlet-less lake come from? The water and nutrient balance of a small mesotrophic lake

Groundwater is a significant nutrient source in the Great Lakes and its tributaries, but its role in nutrient management is poorly understood and often neglected.

Review on groundwater as a source of nutrients to the Great Lakes and their tributaries

The main source of nutrients to a lake is agricultural areas, with a slow increase in organic nitrogen and phosphorus over time.

Ground water inflow of nutrients to a lake from differently utilized catchments

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition shifts the nutrient limitation patterns in lakes, causing phytoplankton growth to be consistently phosphorus-limited, even in remote areas.

Shifts in Lake N:P Stoichiometry and Nutrient Limitation Driven by Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

Excessive nutrient loadings in lakes can lead to eutrophication, noxious algal blooms, and may not respond to fish population manipulations.

Nutrient Loadings, Lake Nutrients, and Water Clarity

Shallow lakes in La Pampa, Argentina, have high nutrient concentrations due to reduced adsorption capacity of sediments, wind resuspension, human activities, and the arheic nature of the basins.

Trophic Status of Shallow Lakes of La Pampa (Argentina) and Its Relation with the Land Use in the Basin and Nutrient Internal Load

Phosphorus reduction can mitigate eutrophication in most large lakes, while both nitrogen and phosphorus reduction may be needed in eutrophic lakes, especially in hypereutrophic states.

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on chlorophyll a in lakes of China: a meta-analysis

Phosphorus is more important for chlorophyll a limitation in lakes than nitrogen, with co-limitation occurring under hypereutrophic conditions.

The role of phosphorus and nitrogen on chlorophyll a: Evidence from hundreds of lakes.

Channelizing streams at the stream-lake interface reduces nutrient concentrations in pore water, improving water quality and ecosystem health, while unmodified stream-lake interfaces result in higher nutrient concentrations.

Nutrient processes at the stream‐lake interface for a channelized versus unmodified stream mouth

Land use-lake nutrient relationships are influenced by lake hydrologic connectivity, region, and spatial extent of land use measurements, improving predictions and understanding of these interactions at broad scales.

Effects of Land Use on Lake Nutrients: The Importance of Scale, Hydrologic Connectivity, and Region

Land use influences lake water quality differently depending on the watershed transport capacity, with in-lake processes and near-shore land use being more influential in low transport capacity watersheds.

The Influence of Land Use on Lake Nutrients Varies with Watershed Transport Capacity

Dual nutrient reductions, rather than just reducing phosphorus, are crucial for effective harmful algal bloom control in lakes and their downstream ecosystems.

It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems.

Excessive phosphorus levels in surface waters can cause eutrophication, leading to high bacterial populations and respiration rates, leading to hypoxia or anoxia in poorly mixed bottom waters and surface waters during calm, warm conditions.

Phosphorus: a rate limiting nutrient in surface waters.

Nutrients impact brackish and freshwater lakes differently, with higher predation pressure on zooplankton and lower algal grazing capacity in brackish lakes.

Does the impact of nutrients on the biological structure and function of brackish and freshwater lakes differ?

why nutrients are essential in lake water?

These studies suggest that nutrients are essential in lake water for controlling eutrophication, influencing water quality, and supporting both autotrophic and heterotrophic processes.