Online partial discharge sensors
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Advances in Online Partial Discharge Sensors for High Voltage Equipment
Introduction to Online Partial Discharge Detection
Partial discharge (PD) is a critical indicator of insulation deterioration in high voltage electrical equipment. Detecting PD early is essential to prevent catastrophic failures and ensure the reliability of power systems. Recent advancements in sensor technology and signal processing have significantly improved the capabilities of online PD detection systems.
Ultrasonic and Resonant Circuit-Based Sensors
One innovative approach involves using ultrasonic sensors and resonant circuits to detect high-frequency signals generated by PD. These signals are converted into voltage signals, processed by a main control chip, and displayed in real-time. This method not only provides accurate PD measurements but also issues alarms when discharge levels exceed safe thresholds, enhancing the maintenance and reliability of high voltage equipment.
Fabry-Pérot Optical Fiber Sensors
Fabry-Pérot optical fiber sensors are gaining attention due to their high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and compact size. These sensors are particularly effective for localizing PD in transformer oil. By using an ultrasonic detection system with a Fabry-Pérot sensor array, accurate PD localization can be achieved, which is crucial for maintaining the safe operation of power transformers .
Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Measurement Techniques
UHF sensors are another promising technology for online PD detection. A compact wideband dual-arm Archimedean slot spiral antenna has been developed for this purpose. This antenna can detect PD emissions over a broad frequency range and is cost-effective compared to traditional methods. UHF measurement techniques enable the reconstruction of PD signals in the digital domain, facilitating real-time structural health monitoring of high voltage systems.
Digital Signal Processing and Automated Classification
The integration of digital signal processing techniques has significantly enhanced the detection capabilities of PD measurement systems. These advancements allow for the automated classification of PD sources, improving the accuracy and reliability of PD detection in large generators. However, challenges such as noise interference and the complexity of PD mechanisms still need to be addressed to broaden the application of these systems.
Fiber-Optic Acoustic Sensor Arrays
Fiber-optic acoustic sensor arrays offer a novel approach to PD localization, especially within transformer windings. These sensors can achieve precise localization with minimal error by understanding and simulating acoustic wave propagation inside transformers. This method provides a new avenue for accurate online PD monitoring, crucial for maintaining transformer health.
Cost-Effective Solutions for Underground Cable Systems
For underground cable systems, cost-effective PD monitoring units are essential due to the high maintenance costs associated with numerous cable joints. Long-term placement of PD monitoring units at cable joints, equipped with peak detect circuits and digital signal processors, allows for continuous monitoring and analysis of insulation conditions. This approach has been validated through accelerated aging tests, demonstrating its potential for practical application.
Piezoelectric Sensors for PD Detection
A new generation of piezoelectric sensors, specifically High Temperature Ultrasonic Transducers (HTUTs), has been developed for PD detection. These sensors offer an economical alternative to traditional methods and have shown strong correlation with standard detection circuits. Their application potential makes them a valuable tool for online PD monitoring.
Interferometry-Based PD Monitoring
Interferometry-based PD monitors provide a sensitive and cost-effective method for detecting PD. By analyzing interferograms affected by PD, these monitors can evaluate the peak value of discharge inception voltage in real-time. This method avoids the need for signal amplification, making it a practical solution for field applications.
Conclusion
The advancements in online partial discharge sensors, including ultrasonic, optical fiber, UHF, and piezoelectric technologies, have significantly improved the detection and localization of PD in high voltage equipment. These innovations not only enhance the reliability and safety of power systems but also offer cost-effective solutions for continuous monitoring and maintenance. As research progresses, further improvements in sensor accuracy, signal processing, and noise reduction will continue to advance the field of online PD detection.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Intelligent Online Partial Discharge Detection and Sensor
Localization of partial discharge in transformer oil using Fabry-Pérot optical fiber sensor array
Study of Ultra High Frequency Measurement Techniques for Online Monitoring of Partial Discharges in High Voltage Systems
A Review of Online Partial Discharge Measurement of Large Generators
Partial Discharge Localization Inside Transformer Windings via Fiber-Optic Acoustic Sensor Array
On-site measurement for the development of on-line partial discharge monitoring system in GIS
The Use of Partial Discharges as an Online Monitoring System for Underground Cable Joints
Using a new generation of piezoelectric sensors for partial discharge detection
Online quantitative partial discharge monitor based on interferometry
Digital analysis of partial discharges
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