Oral rinse mouthwash
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The Efficacy and Applications of Oral Rinse Mouthwash
Introduction to Oral Rinse Mouthwash
Oral rinse mouthwash, commonly known as mouthwash, is a liquid product used to rinse the teeth, gums, and mouth. It serves various purposes, including reducing oral bacteria, preventing dental caries, and maintaining overall oral hygiene. Mouthwashes can be therapeutic, targeting specific oral health issues, or cosmetic, primarily aimed at freshening breath .
Antimicrobial Properties of Mouthwash
Chlorhexidine and Propolis Mouthwash
Chlorhexidine is a widely used antimicrobial mouthwash known for its effectiveness in reducing oral pathogens and plaque. Studies have shown that Chlorhexidine mouthwash significantly lowers microbial diversity, reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Actinomyces while increasing beneficial genera like Neisseria and Streptococcus. Propolis, a natural resinous mixture produced by honeybees, has also been found to be as effective as Chlorhexidine in reducing plaque, gingivitis, and dental caries pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) Mouthwash
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is another effective antimicrobial agent found in many mouthwashes. CPC-containing mouthwashes have been shown to reduce the infectivity of respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, by disrupting the viral envelope and inhibiting viral fusion with target cells. Additionally, CPC mouthwashes lower the abundance of gingivitis-associated bacteria, contributing to improved oral health.
Specialized Mouthwashes for Specific Conditions
Steroid-Based Mouthwashes for Stomatitis
Steroid-containing mouthwashes, such as Miracle Mouthwash (MMW) and prednisolone rinses, are used to prevent and treat mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor-associated stomatitis (mIAS) in patients undergoing cancer treatment. These mouthwashes have been shown to significantly reduce the incidence and severity of stomatitis, thereby improving treatment adherence and reducing the need for dose modifications.
Sea Salt and Xylitol Mouthwash
A novel mouthwash containing sea salt, xylitol, and lysozyme has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing Streptococcus mutans levels and improving plaque control among adolescents. The combined action of these ingredients contributes to better oral hygiene and reduced bacterial load.
Mouthwash for Viral Load Reduction
Preprocedural use of antiseptic mouthwashes can significantly reduce bacterial and viral loads in the oral cavity, thereby minimizing the risk of infection transmission during dental procedures. Povidone-iodine, Chlorhexidine gluconate, and essential oil-containing mouthwashes have shown varying degrees of effectiveness against viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion
Oral rinse mouthwashes play a crucial role in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing various oral health issues. From antimicrobial agents like Chlorhexidine and CPC to specialized formulations for specific conditions, mouthwashes offer diverse benefits. Continued research and development of mouthwash formulations will further enhance their efficacy and expand their applications in oral health care.
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