Parental involvement

Introduction

Parental involvement in children's education has been a significant area of research, focusing on how parents' engagement influences academic and developmental outcomes. Despite the lack of a unified theoretical framework, numerous studies have explored various dimensions and impacts of parental involvement.

Key Insights

Positive Impact on Academic Achievement:
- Parental involvement is generally associated with better academic outcomes, including higher grades and test scores .
- Parental aspirations and expectations for their children's education have the strongest positive relationship with academic achievement, while home supervision has the weakest.
Mechanisms of Influence:
- Parental involvement influences children's outcomes through modeling, reinforcement, and instruction, which help develop skills, knowledge, and a sense of efficacy .
- Subtle aspects of involvement, such as high expectations and quality communication, are more impactful than overt actions like attending school functions or helping with homework.
Variability in Involvement:
- The way parents get involved varies based on their personal beliefs, sense of efficacy, and perceived demands from children and schools .
- Parental involvement changes with the child's age and grade level, with different dimensions of involvement having varying predictive values for academic outcomes.
Cultural and Contextual Differences:
- There are similarities and differences in parental involvement practices between Western and Eastern cultures, suggesting that cultural context plays a role in how parents engage with their children's education.
- Equity issues arise in parental involvement, with nondominant parents often participating in ways that do not align with normative school-centric expectations, potentially limiting their influence.
Father's Unique Contribution:
- Positive paternal involvement is independently associated with fewer behavior problems in children, even when controlling for maternal involvement.
Early Intervention Benefits:
- Early parental involvement in preschool and kindergarten is linked to higher reading achievement, lower rates of grade retention, and fewer years in special education.

Conclusion

Parental involvement is a multifaceted and influential factor in children's academic and developmental outcomes. While high parental expectations and quality communication are particularly impactful, the effectiveness of involvement varies with the child's age, cultural context, and specific parental activities. Early intervention and positive paternal involvement also play crucial roles in promoting better educational outcomes. Future research should aim to develop a consistent definition and theoretical framework for parental involvement to better understand its determinants and mechanisms.

Parental involvement

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Parental Involvement

Parental involvement significantly predicts children's academic success, but its impact varies based on factors such as age, grade level, and involvement dimensions.

Parental Involvement and Students' Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis

Parental involvement has a small to moderate positive impact on students' academic achievement, with parental aspirations and expectations having the strongest relationship.

Parental Involvement in Children's Education: Why Does it Make a Difference?

Parental involvement positively influences children's educational outcomes by promoting skills and knowledge development, personal sense of efficacy, and meeting school expectations through developmentally appropriate activities.

Parental involvement: Who wants it?

Parental involvement is not universally desired by teachers, parents, and students, and understanding diverse needs and expectations is crucial for effective implementation of Home-School Agreements.

Paternal involvement and children's behavior problems

Positive father involvement and maternal involvement are independently and significantly associated with fewer behavior problems in children, regardless of biological fathers, stepfathers, White, Black, and Latino fathers.

Parental Involvement in Homework

Parental involvement in student homework positively influences student success by supporting achievement attributes like attitudes, competence, and self-regulation.

The Salience of the Subtle Aspects of Parental Involvement and Encouraging that Involvement: Implications for School-Based Programs

Subtle aspects of parental involvement, such as high expectations and communication, are more important than overt behaviors in fostering positive student outcomes.

Parental attributions and parental involvement

Parental attributions of their child's achievement to internal factors, such as their own effort, positively influence their belief in getting involved in their child's education, leading to increased parental involvement activity.

Parent involvement in early intervention for disadvantaged children: Does it matter?

Parent involvement in early intervention programs is significantly associated with higher reading achievement, lower grade retention, and fewer years in special education for disadvantaged children.

Equity Issues in Parental and Community Involvement in Schools

Parental involvement in schools should be inclusive and diverse, addressing equity issues and promoting productive social actors from nondominant backgrounds.

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