Parental involvement
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The Impact of Parental Involvement on Students' Academic Achievement
Introduction to Parental Involvement in Education
Parental involvement in education is widely recognized as a crucial factor influencing students' academic success. This involvement can take various forms, including participation in school events, discussions about school at home, and direct assistance with homework. Research consistently shows that parental involvement has a positive impact on students' academic achievement, engagement, and overall adjustment.
Positive Correlation Between Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement
Meta-Analyses Findings
Several meta-analyses have synthesized the quantitative literature on the relationship between parental involvement and students' academic achievement. These studies reveal a small to moderate, yet practically meaningful, positive relationship between parental involvement and academic success1 4. Specifically, parental aspirations and expectations for their children's educational achievements have the strongest positive correlation with academic outcomes, while parental home supervision shows the weakest correlation1 4.
Types of Parental Involvement
Different types of parental involvement have varying impacts on academic achievement. For instance, parents' participation in school events and discussions about school with their children are positively associated with academic adjustment, including achievement, engagement, and motivation2. However, parental assistance with homework has been found to have a negative association with children's academic achievement, although it does not negatively impact engagement or motivation2 10.
Broader Impacts of Parental Involvement
Social and Emotional Adjustment
Parental involvement extends beyond academic achievement to positively influence children's social and emotional adjustment. Studies show that parental involvement is associated with better social skills, emotional well-being, and lower delinquency rates among children2. These benefits are consistent across different age groups, ethnicities, and socioeconomic statuses2.
Early Childhood Education
In early childhood and early elementary education, parental involvement is strongly correlated with positive learning outcomes. This relationship is particularly significant when parental involvement includes behavioral, personal, and intellectual engagement, as well as building strong home-school connections6. Programs designed to enhance parental involvement during these formative years have been shown to improve both academic and non-academic outcomes for children3.
Challenges and Considerations
Immigrant Parents
Immigrant parents face unique challenges in becoming involved in their children's education due to language barriers and unfamiliarity with the host country's educational system. These challenges can exacerbate educational inequalities among diverse groups of learners9. Addressing these barriers is crucial for ensuring that all students benefit from parental involvement.
Homework Involvement
Parental involvement in homework is a complex area with mixed outcomes. While training parents to assist with homework can lead to higher rates of homework completion and fewer homework problems, the impact on academic performance varies. For example, parental rule-setting is more positively associated with academic outcomes than other involvement strategies, and the effects differ across subjects and grade levels7 10.
Conclusion
Parental involvement is a multifaceted and influential factor in students' academic and overall development. While the positive impacts are well-documented, the effectiveness of different types of involvement can vary. Future research should focus on identifying specific parental involvement practices that are most beneficial and addressing the unique challenges faced by diverse parent groups. By doing so, educators and policymakers can better support parental involvement to enhance student success.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Parental Involvement and Students' Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis
Parental involvement has a small to moderate positive impact on students' academic achievement, with parental aspirations and expectations having the strongest relationship.
Meta-Analysis
Highly CitedThe relation between parents' involvement in children's schooling and children's adjustment: A meta-analysis.
Parents' involvement in children's schooling positively impacts their academic adjustment, social and emotional well-being, and reduces delinquency, with homework assistance being slightly negative.
Meta-AnalysisHighly CitedEffects of parental involvement programs on young children's academic and social-emotional outcomes: A meta-analysis.
Parental involvement interventions have a positive and moderate effect on children's overall performance, with school-based interventions showing greater impact than home-based interventions.
Meta-AnalysisEffects of parental involvement on academic achievement: a meta-synthesis
Parental involvement positively impacts student academic achievement, with the strongest impact when defined as parental expectations for academic achievement, and consistent across grade levels and ethnic groups.
Meta-AnalysisHighly CitedParental Involvement and Student Engagement: A Review of the Literature
Parental involvement positively impacts student engagement and achievement, but more studies are needed on specific involvement practices to promote engagement from multiple stakeholders.
Systematic ReviewA Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Learning Outcomes and Parental Involvement During Early Childhood Education and Early Elementary Education
Parental involvement in early childhood education and early elementary education positively correlates with academic achievement, with family involvement being more important than school and community partnerships.
Meta-AnalysisHighly CitedParental Involvement in Homework
Parental involvement in student homework positively influences student success by supporting achievement attributes like attitudes, competence, and self-regulation.
Literature ReviewHighly CitedParental Involvement in Children's Education: Why Does it Make a Difference?
Parental involvement positively influences children's educational outcomes by promoting skills and knowledge development, personal sense of efficacy, and meeting school expectations through developmentally appropriate activities.
Highly CitedParental involvement of immigrant parents: a meta-synthesis
Immigrant parents face unique challenges in parental involvement due to language barriers and lack of familiarity with the educational system, potentially leading to educational inequalities among diverse learners.
Meta-AnalysisHighly CitedParent Involvement in Homework: A Research Synthesis
Parent involvement in homework leads to higher completion rates, fewer problems, and possibly improved academic performance for elementary school children, with different types of involvement having different effects on achievement.
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