Understanding perception from a spiritual perspective can help control illusions and distortions, aiding in Organizational Behaviour and personal growth.

Perception

This paper explores the complex relationship between sensory input and conscious perception, highlighting the need for clear definitions and a consistent approach to studying sensory physiology.

Perception and cognition are linked through structural similarities, asymmetry, and cognitive mechanisms, influencing our understanding of the world.

Linking perception and cognition

Prior knowledge about the probabilistic structure of the world significantly enhances perception and decision-making, with neural sources and targets of expectations playing a crucial role in perceptual decision-making.

How Do Expectations Shape Perception?

Knowledge of past visual experience can affect perception in various ways, but only after a preliminary perception has been achieved.

Perception and knowledge.

Cognitive penetration of perception may occur, influencing philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science.

Cognitive Penetrability of Perception

Perception is often consistent and stable, but it is difficult to evaluate its reliability due to the unclear nature of establishing facts in perception.

How Reliable Is Perception?

Perception is more than merely contingent, with belief playing an essential role in perception, even if it is of an attenuated form or absent altogether.

Perception and Belief

Perception unites phenomenological and epistemological roles by employing perceptual capacities, resulting in unified accounts of perceptual content, consciousness, and evidence.

The Unity of Perception

Perception is the primary form of cognitive contact between man and the world around him, and its study has a unique significance for philosophy and science.

What is Perception

Perception is the first form of representational mind to emerge in evolution, with relationships between perception and associated perceptual-level capacities, refining the distinction between perception and thought.

Perception: First Form of Mind

Buddhist accounts of perceptual knowledge differ, but include reflexive, mental, and yogic perceptions, distinguishing them from illusions and hallucinations.

Perceptions are compared to scientific hypotheses, and understanding signal codes and stored knowledge can help deriving hypotheses-generating procedures for perceptual hypotheses.

Perceptions as hypotheses.

Direct perception plays a crucial role in social cognition, allowing us to understand others' intentions, feelings, and actions without needing to "mindread" or "mentalize."

Direct perception in the intersubjective context

Mind perception is crucial for social life, with its causes stemming from social connection and similarity, and its consequences involving moral rights and meaningful actions for both perceivers and perceived.

Causes and consequences of mind perception

Action-specific perception argues that people perceive the environment based on their abilities, challenging the traditional view of perception as an objective, behaviorally independent representation of the environment.

Action’s Effect on Perception

Chess players' perceptual structures, influenced by their skill, are influenced by the number of glances and the duration of memory tasks.

Perception in chess

Perception without awareness occurs when observers are unaware of stimuli, and this information influences both what is perceived with awareness and how stimuli are consciously experienced.

Perception without awareness: perspectives from cognitive psychology

formulation of a truth-evaluable content as that things (or the relevant realm of reality) are (is) thus and so (as opposed to some other way), displays the particular/ general combination. 9 An important line of reply at this point would appeal to the direct presentation in experience of the properties of things out there in the world, as a way to capture the generality in perception. These properties are elements of physical reality, it may be said. Hence their presentation in experience does nothing to threaten the idea of perception as a direct openness to the world. Of course physical objects have all the properties which they have. I deny, though, that these are features of the physical world on a par with the objects themselves which have them, in the way in which this reply requires. Thanks to Tim Crane for this suggestion. Far more is necessary than I can provide here adequately to respond to it. 10 Many thanks to Steve Butterfill, John Campbell, David Charles, Bill Child, Tim Crane, Imogen Dickie, Naomi Eilan, Anil Gupta, Christoph Hoerl, Hemdat Lerman, John McDowell, Jennifer Nagel, Johannes Roessler, Nick Shea, Paul Snowdon, Matt Soteriou, Helen Steward, Charles Travis, Ralph Wedgwood, Michael Williams, and Tim Williamson, for helpful comments on previous versions of this material.

Perception and Content

Value and need are organizing factors in perception, transforming the perceiver from a passive recording instrument to a active participant in everyday life experiences.

Value and need as organizing factors in perception.

These studies suggest that perception is a complex interplay between sensory input, cognitive mechanisms, prior knowledge, and belief, influencing both personal growth and scientific understanding.