Permanent Tooth Chart

Permanent Tooth Chart: Insights from Recent Research

Population-Specific Dental Atlases for Permanent Tooth Formation

WITS Atlas for Black Southern Africans

The WITS Atlas was developed to address the inaccuracies in age estimation for Black Southern Africans using existing dental maturity charts like the London atlas. This new atlas considers the advanced tooth emergence and formation patterns specific to children of African ancestry. A study involving 642 school children aged 5-20 years revealed that the WITS Atlas shows earlier emergence of canines and premolars by at least one year and completion of third molar formation four years earlier compared to the London atlas. This suggests that the WITS Atlas could be a more reliable tool for forensic and anthropological age estimation in sub-Saharan Africa.

Dental Charts for Turkish Children and Young Adults

A study aimed at developing dental charts for Turkish children and young adults found that teeth generally developed earlier in females than in males, particularly between the ages of 5-14 years. The mixed dentition period ended with the shedding of the second deciduous molars in both genders. These charts are beneficial for dental clinicians in diagnosis and planning orthodontic and surgical procedures, and they provide preliminary datasets for dental age estimation in Turkish populations.

Automated Detection and Numbering of Permanent Teeth

Deep Learning Approaches

Recent advancements in deep learning have enabled the automated detection and numbering of permanent teeth on panoramic images. A study using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrated high performance in tooth detection and numbering, with a recall and precision of 0.99 for tooth detection and an F1 score of 0.98 for tooth numbering. This automated method can significantly aid in the efficient filing of dental charts in general dentistry and forensic medicine.

Dimensional Correspondences and Genetic Influences

Correspondences Between Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

Research has shown that there are measurable dimensional correspondences between deciduous teeth and their permanent successors. Correlations for mesiodistal diameters ranged from 0.23 to 0.61, while buccolingual diameters ranged from 0.11 to 0.44. These findings suggest that the size of deciduous teeth can be predictive of the size of their permanent counterparts, which can be useful in orthodontic planning.

Impact of Preterm Birth on Tooth Dimensions

A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that children born prematurely tend to have smaller mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions in their permanent teeth compared to full-term children. This size reduction was particularly significant in extremely preterm children for incisors and first molars. These findings highlight the need for careful dental monitoring and potential adjustments in treatment planning for children born preterm.

Heritability and Genetic Polymorphisms

Studies on the heritability of permanent tooth size have shown that approximately 64% of the variability in tooth size can be attributed to genetic factors, with an additional 6% due to common environmental influences. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms in hormonal-related genes, such as PTH, have been associated with variations in tooth crown size, particularly in the buccolingual dimension . These insights underscore the significant role of genetics in dental development.

Prevalence of Erosive Tooth Wear

Epidemiological Insights

An epidemiological systematic review estimated the prevalence of erosive tooth wear in permanent teeth of children and adolescents to be around 30.4%. The prevalence rates were influenced by factors such as the clinical index used for detection and geographic location, with higher rates observed in studies from the Middle East and Africa. This high prevalence indicates a need for increased awareness and preventive measures in these populations.

Conclusion

The development of population-specific dental charts, advancements in automated detection technologies, and insights into genetic and environmental influences on tooth development are crucial for improving dental care and forensic practices. Understanding these factors can lead to more accurate age estimations, better orthodontic planning, and effective management of dental health in diverse populations.

Summary

Not a yes or no question