Inorganic phosphates are generally considered safe for human consumption, with low oral, inhalation, and dermal toxicities, and humans unlikely to experience adverse effects when daily phosphorus consumption remains below 70 mg/kg/day.

Toxicological review of inorganic phosphates.

Long-term phosphorus fertilizer and repeated zinc application in maize enhance nutritional supply for trace elements and mitigate potential human health risks associated with Cd and Pb.

A sustainable phosphorus management in agriculture: Assessing trade-offs between human health risks and nutritional yield regarding heavy metals in maize grain.

Commercial dicalcium phosphates are safe for use in animal nutrition, with variations in particle size and phosphorus solubility, and are in compliance with NRC standards.

Chemical and physical evaluations of commercial dicalcium phosphates as sources of phosphorus in animal nutrition.

Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) show potential as sustainable bio fertilizers, improving crop growth and yield without causing environmental hazards.

Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in Sustainable Agriculture

Feeding dogs with inorganic phosphates disrupts calcium and phosphorus metabolism, potentially harming renal, cardiovascular, and skeletal health, making it unsuitable for food use.

Effects of dietary phosphates from organic and inorganic sources on parameters of phosphorus homeostasis in healthy adult dogs

Pre-treated struvite from livestock wastewater can be a safe and sustainable alternative phosphorus source in animal feed, offering a sustainable solution to the global phosphorus shortage.

In Vivo Toxicity and In Vitro Solubility Assessment of Pre-Treated Struvite as a Potential Alternative Phosphorus Source in Animal Feed

High phosphorus intake may negatively impact kidney health, potentially leading to calcification and albuminuria.

Dietary Phosphorus Intake and the Kidney.

Integrated nutrition programs can significantly reduce phosphorus excretion in poultry while maintaining economic productivity, while addressing concerns about eutrophication of surface waters.

Nutritional approaches to reducing phosphorus excretion by poultry.

Integrating information from different disciplines can improve plant phosphorus nutrition, with P-mobilizing strategies being more effective than mycorrhizal strategies in low soil P availability.

Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization in Plants.

Plants adapt to phosphate deficiency through inhibition of primary root growth, increased lateral root formation, and production of root hairs, promoting topsoil foraging and reducing environmental effects of phosphate fertilizer overuse.

Root developmental adaptation to phosphate starvation: better safe than sorry.

High dietary phosphorus intake may disrupt hormonal regulation, leading to mineral metabolism issues, impaired kidney function, and bone loss.

Public health impact of dietary phosphorus excess on bone and cardiovascular health in the general population.

Developing crops with enhanced phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) can help reduce phosphorus fertilizer use and conserve resources, potentially reducing food security costs and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Improving phosphorus use efficiency: a complex trait with emerging opportunities.

Combining the use of charcoal and wood ash can reduce phosphorus fixation in acid soils, promoting nutrient utilization and crop production.

Phosphorus Transformation in Soils Following Co-Application of Charcoal and Wood Ash

Excessive phosphorus application in rice leads to decreased Rubisco activation, inhibited photosynthesis, and reduced metal availability within cells, mediated by phytic acid accumulation.

Phosphorus toxicity disrupts Rubisco activation and reactive oxygen species defence systems by phytic acid accumulation in leaves.

Phosphorus activators can promote the release of phosphate from soil, potentially mitigating the global phosphorus crisis and increasing crop productivity.

Phosphorus activators contribute to legacy phosphorus availability in agricultural soils: A review.

Advances in plant responses to low-phosphorus stress and alternative bacterial pathways for phosphorus metabolism can lead to efficient breeding and genetic engineering strategies for phosphate-efficient crops, promoting agricultural sustainability and lower environmental costs.

Phosphate nutrition: improving low-phosphate tolerance in crops.

Developing genetically enhanced plants with better phosphorus use efficiency can lead to sustainable cropping with less phosphorus fertilizer input, potentially reducing yield losses.

Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping.

Dietary phosphorus and phytase supplementation in broilers alters phosphate transporter protein expression in the small intestine, with phosphorus availability being the key modulator.

Modulation of small intestinal phosphate transporter by dietary supplements of mineral phosphorus and phytase in broilers.

Phosphorus is a nonrenewable resource with limited availability due to its low availability in soil and its high demand for agricultural production.

Phosphorus Dynamics: From Soil to Plant1

Some studies suggest phosphorus is generally safe for human and animal consumption within recommended limits, while other studies indicate potential health risks such as disrupted metabolism and kidney issues with high intake.