Pill l
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers for "pill l"
Consensus Meter
Impact of Alkali Pretreatment on Lyocell Fabric Pilling Properties
Introduction to Lyocell Fabric and Pilling
Lyocell fabric, known for its eco-friendly production process, often faces challenges with pilling due to its fibrillation properties. Pilling occurs when fibers on the fabric surface become entangled, forming small balls or pills. This article explores the effects of alkali pretreatment on lyocell fabric to improve its pilling resistance.
Alkali Pretreatment and Pilling Resistance
Types and Concentrations of Alkalis
Research has shown that treating lyocell fabric with various concentrations of alkalis can significantly impact its pilling properties. Specifically, treatments with Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (TmAH) and Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH) at a concentration of 2 mol/L have been found to reduce the number of fibrils, thereby decreasing pill formation. This reduction in fibrillation is attributed to the morphological changes induced by the alkali treatment.
Structural and Surface Modifications
The effectiveness of alkali pretreatment is further supported by analyzing carboxyl content and iodine sorption values, which indicate changes in the accessible regions and structural modifications of the fabric. Surface modifications observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirm these changes, showing a smoother surface with fewer fibrils. These structural changes contribute to the improved pilling resistance of the treated lyocell fabric.
Hormonal Consequences of Missing Oral Contraceptive Pills
Introduction to Oral Contraceptive Pills
Oral contraceptive pills, particularly low-dose combined pills containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, are widely used for birth control. Missing doses of these pills can have significant hormonal consequences, which are crucial for users to understand.
Hormonal Changes Due to Missed Pills
Progesterone Levels
A study involving 32 healthy women examined the hormonal effects of deliberately missing two consecutive days of pill-taking at different points in the cycle. In one subject who missed the entire previous cycle and did not start the new cycle on time, a biphasic progesterone (P) profile with elevated but insufficient levels was observed. In contrast, the remaining subjects maintained P levels below 1.5 nmol/L, with a significant difference between the first and second halves of the cycle.
Levonorgestrel and Estradiol Levels
Levonorgestrel (NOG) levels remained measurable in all subjects up to six days after discontinuation, with an average removal half-life of 29 hours. Estradiol (E2) levels were uniformly suppressed in most subjects, but a subset exhibited a cyclic E2 profile with higher peak levels. Both groups showed a linear increase in E2 levels during the pill-free week.
Conclusion
In summary, alkali pretreatment of lyocell fabric, particularly with TmAH and LiOH, significantly improves pilling resistance by reducing fibrillation and inducing structural changes. On the other hand, missing doses of low-dose combined oral contraceptive pills can lead to notable hormonal fluctuations, affecting progesterone, levonorgestrel, and estradiol levels. Understanding these effects is essential for both textile engineers and contraceptive users to optimize fabric performance and maintain hormonal balance, respectively.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic