Poisoning definition
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Poisoning Definition: Medical and Forensic Perspectives
Poisoning is generally defined as a harmful or abnormal condition in the body caused by exposure to an exogenous (external) substance in a dose that is too high for the individual, resulting in medical or social unacceptability. This can occur through various routes such as ingestion, inhalation, injection, or skin contact, and the substance involved can be chemical, physical, or organic in nature 123478.
Types and Causes of Poisoning
Poisoning can be classified based on intent and exposure:
- Accidental Poisoning: Unintentional exposure, often seen in children or due to mishandling of substances.
- Intentional Poisoning: Includes suicide attempts or homicide.
- Iatrogenic Poisoning: Caused by medical errors or excessive prescription of drugs.
- Experimental Poisoning: Involves designer drugs or substances used for non-medical purposes 1478.
Routes and Mechanisms of Exposure
Poisonous substances can enter the body through:
- Oral ingestion (eating or drinking)
- Inhalation (breathing in gases or vapors)
- Injection (directly into the bloodstream)
- Skin or mucosal absorption
- Blood transfusions 23478
Substances Involved in Poisoning
Common agents causing poisoning include:
- Medicines (such as analgesics, antidepressants, NSAIDs)
- Household chemicals and cleaning products
- Pesticides and organophosphates
- Heavy metals
- Food and plants
- Alcohol and recreational drugs 3478910
Effects and Consequences of Poisoning
The effects of poisoning can range from mild symptoms like rash or nausea to severe outcomes such as organ damage, coma, or death. Poisoning can be acute (short-term, high-dose exposure) or chronic (long-term, repeated exposure), with symptoms sometimes appearing only after prolonged contact 45910.
Importance of Understanding Poisoning
Poisoning is a significant public health issue and a leading cause of emergency department visits and deaths worldwide. It is especially prevalent among children and young adults, and its management requires prompt recognition, supportive care, and sometimes specific antidotes 234578910.
Conclusion
In summary, poisoning is a harmful condition resulting from exposure to a toxic substance in excessive amounts, regardless of the route or intent. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating awareness, prevention, and effective management strategies.
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