prediabetes Aerobic exercise reactivity

Introduction

Prediabetes is a condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that are not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes. Aerobic exercise is often recommended as a lifestyle modification to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. This synthesis examines the impact of aerobic exercise on various health outcomes in individuals with prediabetes.

Key Insights

Glycemic Control and Insulin Sensitivity:
- Aerobic exercise significantly reduces glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, improving overall glycemic control in prediabetic individuals .
- Both traditional aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are effective in reducing insulin resistance, as measured by the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) .
Body Composition and Adiposity:
- Aerobic exercise leads to significant reductions in body mass index (BMI) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), contributing to improved body composition .
- Resistance training (RT) also contributes to reductions in VAT and increases in muscle mass, but aerobic training (AT) is more effective in reducing overall body fat.
Cardiovascular Health:
- Long-term aerobic exercise reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including blood pressure and lipid profiles, as measured by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and the Chinese 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risk assessment tool.
- Both AT and RT are effective in reducing CVD risk, but AT shows a more significant impact on FRS CVD risk.
Exercise Modalities and Duration:
- Continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) both improve aerobic fitness and glycemic control, with no significant differences between the two modalities .
- The duration of aerobic exercise interventions (ranging from 3 to 12 months) influences the extent of improvements in glycemic control and body composition, with longer durations generally yielding better outcomes .
Behavioral and Lifestyle Changes:
- Initiation and maintenance of aerobic exercise can lead to spontaneous improvements in other health-related behaviors, such as dietary intake and non-exercise physical activity.
- Strategies to promote exercise adherence, including goal setting and self-monitoring, are crucial for achieving long-term health benefits in prediabetic individuals.

Conclusion

Aerobic exercise is a highly effective intervention for improving glycemic control, reducing body fat, and lowering cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with prediabetes. Both continuous moderate-intensity and high-intensity interval training are beneficial, with longer exercise durations providing more substantial health improvements. Additionally, aerobic exercise can positively influence other health-related behaviors, making it a cornerstone of lifestyle modification for prediabetes management.

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Prediabetes Aerobic exercise reactivity

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Aerobic Exercise Training Modalities and Prediabetes Risk Reduction

A 12-week exercise program involving both resistance training and either HIIT or CON training improves glycemic control, visceral adiposity, and aerobic fitness in individuals with prediabetes.

Comparing the effects of 12 months aerobic exercise and resistance training on glucose metabolism among prediabetes phenotype: A explorative randomized controlled trial.

Aerobic training improves glucose metabolism and HbA1c levels more effectively than resistance training for prediabetes, with greater benefits in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.

Comparing the effects of 6 months aerobic exercise and resistance training on metabolic control and β‐cell function in Chinese patients with prediabetes: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

Aerobic training improves metabolic control and protects cell function more effectively than resistance training in Chinese patients with prediabetes.

The Effect of Traditional Aerobic Exercise and Sprint Interval Training on Insulin Resistance in Men With Prediabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Sprint interval training (SIT) is a time-efficient exercise protocol that similarly improves insulin resistance and other parameters in men with prediabetes compared to traditional aerobic exercise.

THE DIFFERENCE OF THE DECREASE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL THROUGH AEROBIC EXERCISE AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN PREDIABETES PATIENTS

Both Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Exercise effectively decrease blood sugar levels in prediabetes patients, with no significant difference found between the two exercises.

Effects of aerobic training and resistance training in reducing cardiovascular disease risk for patients with prediabetes: A multi-center randomized controlled trial.

Moderate aerobic training for 24 months significantly reduces cardiovascular disease risk in prediabetes patients, while resistance training also significantly reduces the risk.

Effects of aerobic exercises in prediabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aerobic exercise significantly improves glycemic levels, reduces BMI, FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c, and other indicators in individuals with prediabetes, with improvements slightly varying depending on the duration of the exercise intervention.

Effect of 12-Month Resistance Training on Changes in Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Variables in Patients with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Both aerobic and resistance training effectively reduce abdominal adipose tissue and fasting plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes, with resistance training enhancing muscle mass.

Resistance training is associated with spontaneous changes in aerobic physical activity but not overall diet quality in adults with prediabetes

Initiation and maintenance of resistance training may lead to improvements in other health-related behaviors, but not overall dietary quality, in adults with prediabetes.

Promoting Exercise as Medicine for Prediabetes and Prehypertension

Regular exercise, including cardiorespiratory (aerobic) activity and resistance training, can effectively manage prediabetes and prehypertension, but promoting behavior change requires goal setting, problem-solving, and relapse prevention strategies.

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