preeclampsia

Introduction

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by the onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. It affects 3% to 5% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The condition is complex, involving multiple organ systems and has significant implications for both immediate and long-term health.

Key Insights

Pathogenesis and Mechanisms:
- Preeclampsia is associated with upregulated placental antiangiogenic factors that disrupt maternal endothelial function, leading to hypertension and proteinuria .
- The condition is linked to poor placental perfusion and hypoxia, which exacerbate systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, contributing to vascular dysfunction .
- The maternal syndrome of preeclampsia involves a generalized inflammatory response, including endothelial dysfunction and activation of intravascular leukocytes and clotting systems .
Clinical Manifestations:
- Preeclampsia presents with hypertension, proteinuria, and can affect multiple organs, including the liver and brain, leading to complications such as HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) .
- The condition can also manifest postpartum, requiring careful monitoring even after delivery.
Risk Factors and Associations:
- Women with preexisting diabetes (type 1 or type 2) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of developing preeclampsia.
- Preeclampsia is more common in women with preexisting vascular disease and can be considered a stress test for underlying vascular dysfunction.
Long-term Health Implications:
- Preeclampsia is associated with a significantly increased risk of future cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality .
- Women with a history of preeclampsia are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders later in life .

Conclusion

Preeclampsia is a multifaceted disorder with significant short-term and long-term health implications. It involves complex interactions between placental dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and endothelial disruption. Women with preexisting conditions such as diabetes and vascular disease are at higher risk. The condition not only affects maternal and fetal health during pregnancy but also predisposes women to future cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, underscoring the need for lifelong monitoring and management.

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Preeclampsia, a Disease of the Maternal Endothelium: The Role of Antiangiogenic Factors and Implications for Later Cardiovascular Disease

Preeclampsia is a maternal endothelium disease, with antiangiogenic factors playing a key role in preventing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.

Preeclampsia and Diabetes

Preeclampsia risk is increased 2- to 4-fold in women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus, with potential long-term health implications.

Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Preeclampsia is associated with a 4-fold increased risk of future heart failure and a 2-fold increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease death.

Pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Placental antiangiogenic factors upregulation disrupts maternal endothelium, leading to preeclampsia and eclampsia, offering potential for future testing and therapeutic targets.

Preeclampsia: recent insights.

Recent studies have provided valuable insights into preeclampsia pathophysiology, guiding ongoing clinical trials to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can lead to high blood pressure and proteinuria in pregnant women, often requiring early delivery of the infant.

Cardiovascular Implications in Preeclampsia: An Overview

Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific multi-organ syndrome, is associated with increased maternal cardiovascular risk and premature delivery, leading to maternal morbidity and mortality.

Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy.

Preeclampsia is an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy, with no specific cause or single predictive test or preventive measure currently available.

Vascular biology of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is linked to a hypoxic or ischemic placenta, maternal vascular dysfunction, and oxidative stress, with increased risk in women with preexisting vascular disease.

Preeclampsia: the role of angiogenic factors in its pathogenesis.

Preeclampsia's pathogenesis involves placental anti-angiogenic factors, which disrupt maternal endothelium and cause hypertension, proteinuria, and other symptoms, with delivery being the only successful treatment.

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