How can I protect my children from developing allergies?

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How to Protect Your Children from Developing Allergies

Early Allergen Avoidance

Food and House Dust Mite (HDM) Allergen Avoidance

Reducing exposure to food and house dust mite (HDM) allergens in infancy can significantly lower the risk of developing allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and rhinitis. A study conducted on infants with a family history of allergies showed that those who were breastfed with mothers on a low allergen diet or given an extensively hydrolyzed formula, along with reduced HDM exposure through acaricides and mattress covers, had a lower incidence of these conditions up to the age of 8 years.

Impermeable Mattress Encasings

Using mite allergen-impermeable mattress encasings and implementing preventive measures from birth can also reduce sensitization to common allergens. A European study found that newborns at risk for atopic diseases had a lower sensitization rate to dust-mite and food allergens when these measures were applied.

Nutritional Strategies

Breastfeeding and Dietary Products

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months is recommended, although its effectiveness in preventing allergies is inconsistent. For infants at high risk who cannot be exclusively breastfed, dietary products with reduced allergenicity are advised. There is no strong evidence that delaying the introduction of potentially allergenic foods beyond 4-6 months reduces allergies.

Maternal Diet

A maternal diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and vitamin D-rich foods during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of allergic diseases in children. Surprisingly, the consumption of milk and butter, especially in a farm environment, has also shown protective effects.

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Probiotic supplementation during the last month of pregnancy and the first six months of life can reduce the incidence of IgE-associated allergic diseases in cesarean-delivered children. However, this effect was not observed in the general population.

Environmental and Lifestyle Factors

Microbial Exposure

Exposure to diverse microbial communities in early life is linked to a reduced risk of allergic diseases. This can be achieved through contact with pets, farm animals, and possibly through the use of probiotics.

Tobacco Smoke Avoidance

Avoiding exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is crucial not only for preventing allergies but also for overall health benefits. This is a safe recommendation for the entire population.

Adherence to Preventive Measures

Challenges in Adherence

Despite the benefits of allergen avoidance and dietary recommendations, adherence can be challenging. A study found that only a small percentage of mothers adhered to breastfeeding and dietary guidelines, even with regular support and information. Adherence was higher among older, non-smoking, and better-educated mothers.

Conclusion

Protecting children from developing allergies involves a combination of strategies, including early allergen avoidance, nutritional interventions, and lifestyle modifications. While some measures like exclusive breastfeeding and the use of impermeable mattress encasings have shown promise, adherence to these recommendations remains a challenge. Continued research and education are essential to improve adherence and develop more effective preventive strategies.